Request对象介绍(客户端到服务器)
1.处理请求和响应的过程request,response,关于request可以从三个方面着手学习。1:如何获取请求头 行 体 2:请求中文处理 3:请求对象的其它常用方法
1.1:request常用方法:
package com.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Enumeration; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // request.getMethod()方法 System.out.println("方法:"+request.getMethod()); // 获取请求的路径URI(统一资源标识符)和URL(同一资源定位符) System.out.println("URI:"+request.getRequestURI()); System.out.println("URL:"+request.getRequestURL()); // 获取请求的协议类型 System.out.println("协议:"+request.getProtocol()); // 获取IP地址 System.out.println("IP地址:"+request.getRemoteAddr()); // 获取端口号 System.out.println("服务器端口号:"+request.getLocalPort()); // 获取请求头 头信息都可以获取到 System.out.println("请求头名称:"+request.getHeader("Accept")); System.out.println("请求头名称:"+request.getHeader("Accept-Language")); System.out.println(); // 获取所有请求头信息 Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames(); while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){ String element = headerNames.nextElement(); System.out.println(element+" "+request.getHeader(element)); } } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
结果:
1.2:request请求中文处理
GET乱码解决:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <h1>GET方式</h1> <form method="GET" action="servlet/UsersServlet"> 帐号:<input type="text" name="username" /><br /> <input type="submit"value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
Servlet:
package com.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class UsersServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 解决GET乱码 String name = request.getParameter("username"); name = new String(name.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8"); System.out.println(name); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
POST乱码解决:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <h1>POST方式</h1> <form method="POST" action="servlet/UsersServlet"> 帐号:<input type="text" name="username" /><br /> <input type="submit"value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
Servlet:
package com.test; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class UsersServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 解决POST乱码 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String name = request.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(name); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
总结要记住得内容:
1 处理get请求乱码 String string = new String(parameter.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");
2 处理post请求乱码 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
Request容器(存取删)(域对象)和请求转发
总结:
当一个Web资源收到客户端的请求后,如果希望服务器通知另外一个资源处理.
可以通过 转发对象 RequestDispatcher 对象的forward(request,response)方法,将当前请求传递给其他的Web资源进行处理,这种方式称为请求转发。
注:在这些转发的过程中,所有的Servlet共享同一个请求对象。在转发中,客户端是感觉不到服务器内部在跳转。而且客户端的浏览器的地址栏中是不会发生任何变化的。
因为在多个Servlet中可以进行转发,导致多个Servlet之间共享同一个request对象,于是在发出转发的Servlet中,可以把request对象当做一个容器,然后给其中保存数据,在其他的Servlet中可以取出前面的Servlet给request对象中保存的数据。request对象如果当作容器的话,它只是在当前请求中有效。当请求响应结束了,这个容器就消失了。
转发得小结:
1 转发可以调用其他得servlet程序
2 转发可以获取保密路径(WEB-INF)下得资源
另:
1 使用request对象,可以获取请求行
2 使用request对象,可以获取请求头
3 使用request对象,可以处理中文乱码
4 使用request对象,调用下一个servlet(请求转发)
5 使用request对象,在一个请求转发过程中,让两个servlet共享数据,是一个容器。