C#设计模式系列:组合模式(Composite)

1、组合模式简介

1.1>、定义

  组合模式主要用来处理一类具有“容器特征”的对象——即它们在充当对象的同时,又可以作为容器包含其他多个对象。

1.2>、使用频率

   中高

2、组合模式结构图

2.1>、结构图

2.2>、参与者

  组合模式参与者:

  ◊ Component

    ° 声明组合中对象的接口;

    ° 实现全部类中公共接口的默认行为;

    ° 声明访问和管理子类的接口;

    ° (可选择)定义接口提供在递归结构中访问父类。

  ◊ Leaf

    ° 表示在组合对象中叶子节点对象,没有子节点;

    ° 定义组合对象中的初始行为。

  ◊ Composite

    ° 定义Component子类的行为;

    ° 保存Component子类;

    ° 实现Component接口的子类关联操作。

  ◊ Client

    ° 通过Component接口组合多个对象。

3、组合模式结构实现

  Component.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
    public abstract class Component
    {
        protected string _name;

        public Component(string name)
        {
            this._name = name;
        }

        public abstract void Add(Component c);

        public abstract void Remove(Component c);

        public abstract void Display(int depth);
    }
}

  Leaf.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
    public class Leaf : Component
    {
        public Leaf(string name)
            : base(name)
        {
        }

        public override void Add(Component c)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
        }

        public override void Remove(Component c)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
        }

        public override void Display(int depth)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name);
        }
    }
}

  Composite.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
    public class Composite : Component
    {
        private List<Component> _children = new List<Component>();

        public Composite(string name)
            : base(name)
        {
        }

        public override void Add(Component component)
        {
            _children.Add(component);
        }

        public override void Remove(Component component)
        {
            _children.Remove(component);
        }

        public override void Display(int depth)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name);

            foreach (Component component in _children)
            {
                component.Display(depth + 2);
            }
        }
    }
}

  Client.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
{
    public class Client
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Create a tree structure
            Composite root = new Composite("root");
            root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
            root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));

            Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
            comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
            comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));

            root.Add(comp);
            root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));

            // Add and remove a leaf
            Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
            root.Add(leaf);
            root.Remove(leaf);

            // Recursively display tree
            root.Display(1);
        }
    }
}

  运行结果:

-root
---Leaf A
---Leaf B
---Composite X
-----Leaf XA
-----Leaf XB
---Leaf C
请按任意键继续. . .

4、组合模式实践应用

  Shape.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    public abstract class Shape
    {
        protected string _name;

        public Shape(string name)
        {
            this._name = name;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 面积
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public abstract double Area();

        /// <summary>
        /// 显示
        /// </summary>
        public abstract void Display();
    }
}

  Circle.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 圆形
    /// </summary>
    public class Circle : Shape
    {
        private double _radius;

        public Circle(string name, double radius)
            : base(name)
        {
            this._radius = radius;
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return Math.Round(Math.PI * _radius * _radius, 2);
        }

        public override void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} 半径:{1},面积:{2}", _name, _radius, this.Area());
        }
    }
}

  Rectangle.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 矩形
    /// </summary>
    public class Rectangle : Shape
    {
        private double _width;
        private double _height;

        public Rectangle(string name, double width, double height)
            : base(name)
        {
            this._width = width;
            this._height = height;
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            return _width * _height;
        }

        public override void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} 长:{1},宽:{2},面积:{3}", _name, _width, _height, this.Area());
        }
    }
}

  Triangle.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 三角形
    /// </summary>
    public class Triangle : Shape
    {
        private double _a;
        private double _b;
        private double _c;

        /// <summary>
        /// 三角形构造函数
        /// 参数:三角形名称和三条边长
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">三角形名称</param>
        /// <param name="a">第一条边长</param>
        /// <param name="b">第二条边长</param>
        /// <param name="c">第三条边长</param>
        public Triangle(string name, double a, double b, double c)
            : base(name)
        {
            _a = a;
            _b = b;
            _c = c;
        }

        public override double Area()
        {
            double p = (_a + _b + _c) / 2;
            return Math.Sqrt(p * (p - _a) * (p - _b) * (p - _c));
        }

        public override void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} 三条边长:{1},{2},{3},面积:{3}", _name, _a, _b, _c, this.Area());
        }
    }
}

  Graphics.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    public class Graphics : Shape
    {
        private List<Shape> _children = new List<Shape>();

        public Graphics(string name)
            : base(name)
        { }

        public override double Area()
        {
            double sum = 0;
            foreach (Shape child in _children)
            {
                sum += child.Area();
            }
            return sum;
        }

        public override void Display()
        {
            foreach (Shape child in _children)
            {
                child.Display();
            }

            Console.WriteLine("{0} 总面积:{1}", _name, this.Area());
        }

        public void Add(Shape child)
        {
            _children.Add(child);
        }

        public void Remove(Shape child)
        {
            _children.Remove(child);
        }
    }
}

  Client.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
{
    public class Client
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Graphics graphics = new Graphics("全部图形");

            Circle circle = new Circle("圆形", 5);
            graphics.Add(circle);

            Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("矩形", 4, 5);
            graphics.Add(rectangle);

            Triangle triangle = new Triangle("三角形", 3, 4, 5);
            graphics.Add(triangle);

            graphics.Display();
        }
    }
}

  运行结果:

圆形 半径:5,面积:78.54
矩形 长:4,宽:5,面积:20
三角形 三条边长:345,面积:5
全部图形 总面积:104.54
请按任意键继续. . .

5、组合模式应用分析

  组合模式可以适用以下情形:

  ◊ 希望把对象表示成部分—整体层次结构;

  ◊ 希望用户忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同,用户将统一地使用组合结构中所有对象。

  组合模式具有以下特点:

  ◊ 定义了包含基本对象和组合对象的类层次结构。基本对象可以被组合成更复杂的组合对象,而这个组合对象又可以被组合,不断的递归下去。客户代码中,任何用到基本对象的地方都可以使用组合对象;

  ◊ 简化客户代码。客户可以一致地使用组合结构和单个对象。这样用户就不必关心处理的是一个叶子节点还是一个组合组件,从而简化了客户代码;

  ◊ 使得新增类型的组件更加容易。新定义的Composite或Leaf子类自动地与已有的结构和客户代码一起协同工作,客户程序不需因新的Component类而改变。

6、参考资料

http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternComposite.aspx

posted @ 2013-12-29 14:47  libingql  阅读(8877)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报