Oracle Union All 排序

在oracle中使用union all或者 union 对两个结果集进行并集操作时,如果需要对查询结果集进行排序时,不能直接在后面加order by + 表字段 来排序

例如: 在oracle的soctt用户中emp表对部门号为20和30的员工进行并集操作:

SQL> select * from emp where deptno = 20 union all select * from emp where deptno =30 ;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-12月-80            800                    20
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30

已选择11行。

 先将结果按照hidredate 进行排序,直接加order by hiredate 是错误的 

SQL> select * from emp where deptno = 20 union all  select * from emp where deptno =30 order by hiredate;
select * from emp where deptno =30 order by HIREDATE
                                            *
第 2 行出现错误:
ORA-00904: "HIREDATE": 标识符无效

 解决办法一般有三种:

 方法一: 先将结果集进行包装,包装过后在按照hiredate排序:

SQL> select * from (
select * from emp where deptno = 20 union all select * from emp where deptno =30
)order by HIREDATE ; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-12月-80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-2月 -81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-2月 -81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-4月 -81 2975 20 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-5月 -81 2850 30 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-9月 -81 1500 0 30 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-9月 -81 1250 1400 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-12月-81 3000 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-12月-81 950 30 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-4月 -87 3000 20 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-5月 -87 1100 20 已选择11行。

 方法二:单独对表进行排序,排序后在执行并集操作:

  

SQL> select * from ( select * from emp where deptno = 20  order by hiredate)
     union all 
    select * from ( select * from emp where deptno =30 order by hiredate  );

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-12月-80            800                    20
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30

已选择11行。

 方法三: 直接加order by + 字段在结果集中的序号,此例子中hiredate在结果集的第五列,则为 order by 5 即可:

SQL> select * from emp where deptno = 20 union all  select * from emp where deptno =30 order by 5 ;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-12月-80            800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-2月 -81           1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-2月 -81           1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975                    20
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-5月 -81           2850                    30
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-9月 -81           1500          0         30
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-9月 -81           1250       1400         30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-12月-81            950                    30
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000                    20
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100                    20

已选择11行。

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

posted @ 2013-09-16 12:28  廖凯林  阅读(9431)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报