Uva 123 - Searching Quickly

Searching Quickly 

Time limit: 3.000 seconds

 

Background

Searching and sorting are part of the theory and practice of computer science. For example, binary search provides a good example of an easy-to-understand algorithm with sub-linear complexity. Quicksort is an efficient  [average case] comparison based sort.

KWIC-indexing is an indexing method that permits efficient ``human search'' of, for example, a list of titles.

 

The Problem

Given a list of titles and a list of ``words to ignore'', you are to write a program that generates a KWIC (Key Word In Context) index of the titles. In a KWIC-index, a title is listed once for each keyword that occurs in the title. The KWIC-index is alphabetized by keyword.

Any word that is not one of the ``words to ignore'' is a potential keyword.

For example, if words to ignore are ``the, of, and, as, a'' and the list of titles is:

Descent of Man
The Ascent of Man
The Old Man and The Sea
A Portrait of The Artist As a Young Man

A KWIC-index of these titles might be given by:

 

                      a portrait of the ARTIST as a young man 
                                    the ASCENT of man 
                                        DESCENT of man 
                             descent of MAN 
                          the ascent of MAN 
                                the old MAN and the sea 
    a portrait of the artist as a young MAN 
                                    the OLD man and the sea 
                                      a PORTRAIT of the artist as a young man 
                    the old man and the SEA 
          a portrait of the artist as a YOUNG man

 

The Input

The input is a sequence of lines, the string :: is used to separate the list of words to ignore from the list of titles. Each of the words to ignore appears in lower-case letters on a line by itself and is no more than 10 characters in length. Each title appears on a line by itself and may consist of mixed-case (upper and lower) letters. Words in a title are separated by whitespace. No title contains more than 15 words.

There will be no more than 50 words to ignore, no more than than 200 titles, and no more than 10,000 characters in the titles and words to ignore combined. No characters other than 'a'-'z', 'A'-'Z', and white space will appear in the input.

 

The Output

The output should be a KWIC-index of the titles, with each title appearing once for each keyword in the title, and with the KWIC-index alphabetized by keyword. If a word appears more than once in a title, each instance is a potential keyword.

The keyword should appear in all upper-case letters. All other words in a title should be in lower-case letters. Titles in the KWIC-index with the same keyword should appear in the same order as they appeared in the input file. In the case where multiple instances of a word are keywords in the same title, the keywords should be capitalized in left-to-right order.

Case (upper or lower) is irrelevant when determining if a word is to be ignored.

The titles in the KWIC-index need NOT be justified or aligned by keyword, all titles may be listed left-justified.

 

Sample Input

 

is
the
of
and
as
a
but
::
Descent of Man
The Ascent of Man
The Old Man and The Sea
A Portrait of The Artist As a Young Man
A Man is a Man but Bubblesort IS A DOG

 

Sample Output

 

a portrait of the ARTIST as a young man 
the ASCENT of man 
a man is a man but BUBBLESORT is a dog 
DESCENT of man 
a man is a man but bubblesort is a DOG 
descent of MAN 
the ascent of MAN 
the old MAN and the sea 
a portrait of the artist as a young MAN 
a MAN is a man but bubblesort is a dog 
a man is a MAN but bubblesort is a dog 
the OLD man and the sea 
a PORTRAIT of the artist as a young man 
the old man and the SEA 
a portrait of the artist as a YOUNG man

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#define MAXN 400
char title[204][MAXN];
char keyword[52][14]; 
typedef struct charter{
    char character[MAXN]; //存储每个裁剪下来的单词 
    int rank; // 表示这个单词属于那行title 
    int start, end; // 这个单词在title中的位置 
}charter;

charter mes[3004];

int dealenter(char *temp)
{// 处理fgets函数的“不和谐”，同时在每个title后缀处加‘ ’以便处理 
    int len = strlen(temp);
    if(temp[len-1] == '\n') temp[len-1] = ' ';
    else temp[len++] = ' ', temp[len] = '\0';
    return 0;
}


int calculate(int n1, int n2, int n3)
{// 对单词进行排序 
    int i, j, k, flag;
    charter temp;
    for(i=0; i<n3-1; ++i)
    {
        flag = 1;
        for(j=0; j<n3-1-i; ++j)
        {
            if(strcmp(mes[j].character, mes[j+1].character) > 0)
            {
                flag = 0;
                temp = mes[j], mes[j] = mes[j+1], mes[j+1] = temp;
            }
        }
        if(flag) break;
    }
    return 0;
}

int shuai(int n1, char *from)
{// 判断单词是否需要被忽略，返回1表示应该被忽略 
    int i, j, flag = 0;
    for(i=0; i<n1; ++i)
    {
        if(strcmp(keyword[i], from) == 0) {flag = 1; break;}
    }
    
    return flag;
}


int lastline(int n1, int n2, int n3)
{// 输出处理 
    int i, j, k, t, flag, len, start, end;
    for(i=0; i<n3; ++i)
    {
        if(!shuai(n1, mes[i].character))
        {
            j = mes[i].rank;
            start = mes[i].start, end = mes[i].end;
            for(t=0; t<start; ++t)
            printf("%c", title[j][t]);
            len = strlen(mes[i].character);
            for(k=0; k<len; ++k)
                printf("%c", mes[i].character[k] - ('a' - 'A'));
            len = strlen(title[j]);
            for(k=end+1; k<len; ++k)
               printf("%c", title[j][k]);
               printf("\n");
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    int  i, j, t, k, n, m, count, cnt3, cnt1, cnt2, cnt4, flag, flag2, len, doc;
    char temp[MAXN];
    flag = cnt1 = cnt2 = cnt3 = 0;
    while(fgets(temp, MAXN, stdin) != NULL)
    {
        dealenter(temp);
        len = strlen(temp);
        if(strcmp(temp, ":: ") == 0) flag = 1;
        else if(!flag)
            {// 存储 ignore-words 
                strcpy(keyword[cnt1], temp);
                keyword[cnt1++][len-1] = '\0';
            }
        else
        {// 存储每行title的同时，将每个title中的单词进行分割，存储到结构体数组中 
            for(i=0,flag2=cnt4=0,doc=-1; i<len; ++i)
            {
                
                if(temp[i] != ' ')
                {
                    if(doc == -1) doc = i;
                    if(isupper(temp[i])) mes[cnt3].character[cnt4++] = temp[i] = towlower(temp[i]);
                    else mes[cnt3].character[cnt4++] = temp[i];
                    flag2 = 1;
                }
                else if(flag2)
                {
                    mes[cnt3].rank = cnt2, mes[cnt3].start = doc, mes[cnt3].end = i-1;
                    mes[cnt3].character[cnt4] = '\0';
                    cnt3++, cnt4 = 0;
                    flag2 = 0, doc = -1;
                }
            }
                strcpy(title[cnt2], temp);
                title[cnt2++][len-1] = '\0';
        }
    }
    calculate(cnt1, cnt2, cnt3);
    lastline(cnt1, cnt2, cnt3);
    return 0;
} 

解题报告：

Runtime Error X 2  [据其原因是最后忘了加 return 0 ！！！ 果然，有很长时间没做题了]

看题目找思路，我的做法比较愚笨：

首先需要将ignore-word 和 titles[换成lowcase后的character] 用数组存储起来

然后在title中做文章，将每个单词从中分割出来，需要存储的信息是这个单词属于哪一title，并存储title中所在的位置[下标表示]   

将取出的单词进行按字典顺序排序

筛掉需要忽略掉的单词

对每个剩下的单词，根据已存储的其他关于此单词的信息，找到所属的title，分三部分按题目要求样式输出

 

测试数据提供：

Sample Input:
the
for
on
in
and
is
it
american
canadian
great
lakes
::
The Niagara Falls are voluminous waterfalls on the Niagara River
straddling the international border between the Canadian province
of Ontario and the U S  state of New York  The falls are
N miles BBBBBBSSSM kmBBBBBBSSS north northwest of Buffalo New York and
S miles BBBBBBSSSZ kmBBBBBBSSS south southeast of Toronto Ontario
between the twin cities of Niagara Falls Ontario
and Niagara Falls New York  Niagara Falls is composed
of two major sections separated by Goat Island:
Horseshoe Falls the majority of which lies on the
Canadian side of the border and American Falls on the
American side  The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also
located on the American side separated from the main falls
by Luna Island  Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers
receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation BBBBBBSSSthe last ice ageBBBBBBSSS
and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through
the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean
While not exceptionally high the Niagara Falls are very wide
More than six million cubic feet BBBBBBSSSXYZKLM mSBBBBBBSSS of water falls
over the crest line every minute in high flow and almost
F million cubic feet BBBBBBSSSXYZKLM mSBBBBBBSSS on average  It is the most
powerful waterfall in North America

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and
as a valuable source of hydroelectric power  Managing the
balance between recreational commercial and industrial uses
has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the TKLMs

Sample Output:

and water from the newly formed great lakes carved A path through
as A valuable source of hydroelectric power  managing the
has been A challenge for the stewards of the falls since the tklms
receded at the end of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice AGEBBBBBBSSS
over the crest line every minute in high flow and ALMOST
american side  the smaller bridal veil falls are ALSO
powerful waterfall in north AMERICA
the niagara falls ARE voluminous waterfalls on the niagara river
of ontario and the u s  state of new york  the falls ARE
american side  the smaller bridal veil falls ARE also
while not exceptionally high the niagara falls ARE very wide
the niagara falls ARE renowned both for their beauty and
AS a valuable source of hydroelectric power  managing the
receded AT the end of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
the niagara escarpment en route to the ATLANTIC ocean
f million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on AVERAGE  it is the most
BALANCE between recreational commercial and industrial uses
n miles BBBBBBSSSM kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of buffalo new york and
receded at the end of the wisconsin glaciation BBBBBBSSSTHE last ice agebbbbbbsss
more than six million cubic feet BBBBBBSSSXYZKLM msbbbbbbsss of water falls
f million cubic feet BBBBBBSSSXYZKLM msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the most
s miles BBBBBBSSSZ kmbbbbbbsss south southeast of toronto ontario
the niagara falls are renowned both for their BEAUTY and
has BEEN a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the tklms
straddling the international border BETWEEN the canadian province
BETWEEN the twin cities of niagara falls ontario
balance BETWEEN recreational commercial and industrial uses
straddling the international BORDER between the canadian province
canadian side of the BORDER and american falls on the
the niagara falls are renowned BOTH for their beauty and
american side  the smaller BRIDAL veil falls are also
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of BUFFALO new york and
of two major sections separated BY goat island:
BY luna island  niagara falls were formed when glaciers
and water from the newly formed great lakes CARVED a path through
has been a CHALLENGE for the stewards of the falls since the tklms
between the twin CITIES of niagara falls ontario
balance between recreational COMMERCIAL and industrial uses
and niagara falls new york  niagara falls is COMPOSED
over the CREST line every minute in high flow and almost
more than six million CUBIC feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
f million CUBIC feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the most
the niagara escarpment EN route to the atlantic ocean
receded at the END of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
the niagara ESCARPMENT en route to the atlantic ocean
over the crest line EVERY minute in high flow and almost
while not EXCEPTIONALLY high the niagara falls are very wide
F million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the most
the niagara FALLS are voluminous waterfalls on the niagara river
of ontario and the u s  state of new york  the FALLS are
between the twin cities of niagara FALLS ontario
and niagara FALLS new york  niagara falls is composed
and niagara falls new york  niagara FALLS is composed
horseshoe FALLS the majority of which lies on the
canadian side of the border and american FALLS on the
american side  the smaller bridal veil FALLS are also
located on the american side separated from the main FALLS
by luna island  niagara FALLS were formed when glaciers
while not exceptionally high the niagara FALLS are very wide
more than six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water FALLS
the niagara FALLS are renowned both for their beauty and
has been a challenge for the stewards of the FALLS since the tklms
more than six million cubic FEET bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
f million cubic FEET bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the most
over the crest line every minute in high FLOW and almost
by luna island  niagara falls were FORMED when glaciers
and water from the newly FORMED great lakes carved a path through
located on the american side separated FROM the main falls
and water FROM the newly formed great lakes carved a path through
receded at the end of the wisconsin GLACIATION bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
by luna island  niagara falls were formed when GLACIERS
of two major sections separated by GOAT island:
HAS been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the tklms
while not exceptionally HIGH the niagara falls are very wide
over the crest line every minute in HIGH flow and almost
HORSESHOE falls the majority of which lies on the
as a valuable source of HYDROELECTRIC power  managing the
receded at the end of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ICE agebbbbbbsss
balance between recreational commercial and INDUSTRIAL uses
straddling the INTERNATIONAL border between the canadian province
by luna ISLAND  niagara falls were formed when glaciers
of two major sections separated by goat ISLAND
n miles bbbbbbsssm KMBBBBBBSSS north northwest of buffalo new york and
s miles bbbbbbsssz KMBBBBBBSSS south southeast of toronto ontario
receded at the end of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe LAST ice agebbbbbbsss
horseshoe falls the majority of which LIES on the
over the crest LINE every minute in high flow and almost
LOCATED on the american side separated from the main falls
by LUNA island  niagara falls were formed when glaciers
located on the american side separated from the MAIN falls
of two MAJOR sections separated by goat island:
horseshoe falls the MAJORITY of which lies on the
as a valuable source of hydroelectric power  MANAGING the
n MILES bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of buffalo new york and
s MILES bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south southeast of toronto ontario
more than six MILLION cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
f MILLION cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the most
over the crest line every MINUTE in high flow and almost
MORE than six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
f million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss on average  it is the MOST
more than six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm MSBBBBBBSSS of water falls
f million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm MSBBBBBBSSS on average  it is the most
N miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of buffalo new york and
of ontario and the u s  state of NEW york  the falls are
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of buffalo NEW york and
and niagara falls NEW york  niagara falls is composed
and water from the NEWLY formed great lakes carved a path through
the NIAGARA falls are voluminous waterfalls on the niagara river
the niagara falls are voluminous waterfalls on the NIAGARA river
between the twin cities of NIAGARA falls ontario
and NIAGARA falls new york  niagara falls is composed
and niagara falls new york  NIAGARA falls is composed
by luna island  NIAGARA falls were formed when glaciers
the NIAGARA escarpment en route to the atlantic ocean
while not exceptionally high the NIAGARA falls are very wide
the NIAGARA falls are renowned both for their beauty and
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss NORTH northwest of buffalo new york and
powerful waterfall in NORTH america
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north NORTHWEST of buffalo new york and
while NOT exceptionally high the niagara falls are very wide
the niagara escarpment en route to the atlantic OCEAN
OF ontario and the u s  state of new york  the falls are
of ontario and the u s  state OF new york  the falls are
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest OF buffalo new york and
s miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south southeast OF toronto ontario
between the twin cities OF niagara falls ontario
OF two major sections separated by goat island:
horseshoe falls the majority OF which lies on the
canadian side OF the border and american falls on the
receded at the end OF the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
more than six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss OF water falls
as a valuable source OF hydroelectric power  managing the
has been a challenge for the stewards OF the falls since the tklms
of ONTARIO and the u s  state of new york  the falls are
s miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south southeast of toronto ONTARIO
between the twin cities of niagara falls ONTARIO
OVER the crest line every minute in high flow and almost
and water from the newly formed great lakes carved a PATH through
as a valuable source of hydroelectric POWER  managing the
POWERFUL waterfall in north america
straddling the international border between the canadian PROVINCE
RECEDED at the end of the wisconsin glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
balance between RECREATIONAL commercial and industrial uses
the niagara falls are RENOWNED both for their beauty and
the niagara falls are voluminous waterfalls on the niagara RIVER
the niagara escarpment en ROUTE to the atlantic ocean
of ontario and the u S  state of new york  the falls are
S miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south southeast of toronto ontario
of two major SECTIONS separated by goat island:
of two major sections SEPARATED by goat island:
located on the american side SEPARATED from the main falls
canadian SIDE of the border and american falls on the
american SIDE  the smaller bridal veil falls are also
located on the american SIDE separated from the main falls
has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls SINCE the tklms
more than SIX million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
american side  the SMALLER bridal veil falls are also
as a valuable SOURCE of hydroelectric power  managing the
s miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss SOUTH southeast of toronto ontario
s miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south SOUTHEAST of toronto ontario
of ontario and the u s  STATE of new york  the falls are
has been a challenge for the STEWARDS of the falls since the tklms
STRADDLING the international border between the canadian province
more THAN six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of water falls
the niagara falls are renowned both for THEIR beauty and
and water from the newly formed great lakes carved a path THROUGH
has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the TKLMS
the niagara escarpment en route TO the atlantic ocean
s miles bbbbbbsssz kmbbbbbbsss south southeast of TORONTO ontario
between the TWIN cities of niagara falls ontario
of TWO major sections separated by goat island:
of ontario and the U s  state of new york  the falls are
balance between recreational commercial and industrial USES
as a VALUABLE source of hydroelectric power  managing the
american side  the smaller bridal VEIL falls are also
while not exceptionally high the niagara falls are VERY wide
the niagara falls are VOLUMINOUS waterfalls on the niagara river
and WATER from the newly formed great lakes carved a path through
more than six million cubic feet bbbbbbsssxyzklm msbbbbbbsss of WATER falls
powerful WATERFALL in north america
the niagara falls are voluminous WATERFALLS on the niagara river
by luna island  niagara falls WERE formed when glaciers
by luna island  niagara falls were formed WHEN glaciers
horseshoe falls the majority of WHICH lies on the
WHILE not exceptionally high the niagara falls are very wide
while not exceptionally high the niagara falls are very WIDE
receded at the end of the WISCONSIN glaciation bbbbbbsssthe last ice agebbbbbbsss
of ontario and the u s  state of new YORK  the falls are
n miles bbbbbbsssm kmbbbbbbsss north northwest of buffalo new YORK and
and niagara falls new YORK  niagara falls is composed