设计模式C++学习笔记之三(Singleton单例模式)
单例模式看起来也蛮简单的,就是在系统中只允许产生这个类的一个实例,既然这么简单,就直接贴代码了。更详细的内容及说明可以参考原作者博客:cbf4life.cnblogs.com。
3.1.解释
main(),大臣
CEmperor,需要单例的类
说明:很多大臣拜见的皇帝,只有一个。体现在面向对象方面,CEmperor定义一个静态指针,和一个静态函数,私有化构造函数、析构函数、构造函数复制、重载赋值语句。
注意:线程安全,采用互斥体的方式实现。
看代码:
//Emperor.h
#pragma once #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::string; class CEmperor { public: static CEmperor * GetInstance(); static void ReleaseInstance(); void EmperorInfo(void); void SetEmperorTag(string tag); private: CEmperor(void); virtual ~CEmperor(void); CEmperor(const CEmperor&); CEmperor& operator=(const CEmperor&); static CEmperor *m_pEmperor; static HANDLE m_pMutex; string m_EmperorTag; class CGarbo { public: CGarbo() { cout << "Create Garbo" << endl; } ~CGarbo() { cout << "Destroy Garbo" << endl; if (NULL != m_pEmperor) { WaitForSingleObject(m_pMutex, INFINITE); if (NULL != m_pEmperor) { cout << "Remove instance" << endl; delete m_pEmperor; m_pEmperor = NULL; } ReleaseMutex(m_pMutex); } if (NULL != m_pMutex) { cout << "Delete mutex" << endl; CloseHandle(m_pMutex); m_pMutex = NULL; } } }; static CGarbo m_Garbo; }; //Emperor.cpp
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "Emperor.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
CEmperor* CEmperor::m_pEmperor = NULL;
HANDLE CEmperor::m_pMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
CEmperor::CGarbo CEmperor::m_Garbo;
CEmperor::CEmperor(void)
{
cout << "Create CEmperor Instance" << endl;
}
CEmperor::~CEmperor(void)
{
cout << "Destroy CEmperor Instance and release its resource" << endl;
}
void CEmperor::EmperorInfo(void)
{
char msgBuffer[50] = { 0 };
sprintf_s(msgBuffer, 50, "皇ê帝?某3某3某3... ...(%s).", m_EmperorTag.c_str());
string msg(msgBuffer);
cout << msg.c_str() << endl;
}
CEmperor* CEmperor::GetInstance()
{
if (NULL == m_pEmperor)
{
WaitForSingleObject(m_pMutex, INFINITE);
if (NULL == m_pEmperor)
m_pEmperor = new CEmperor();
ReleaseMutex(m_pMutex);
}
return m_pEmperor;
}
void CEmperor::ReleaseInstance()
{
if (NULL != m_pEmperor)
{
WaitForSingleObject(m_pMutex, INFINITE);
if (NULL != m_pEmperor)
{
delete m_pEmperor;
m_pEmperor = NULL;
}
ReleaseMutex(m_pMutex);
}
}
void CEmperor::SetEmperorTag( string tag )
{
m_EmperorTag = tag;
}
//Singleton.cpp
#include "stdafx.h" #include "Emperor.h"
void DoIt()
{
CEmperor *pEmperor1 = CEmperor::GetInstance(); pEmperor1->SetEmperorTag("95"); pEmperor1->EmperorInfo(); CEmperor *pEmperor2 = CEmperor::GetInstance(); pEmperor2->EmperorInfo(); CEmperor *pEmperor3 = CEmperor::GetInstance(); pEmperor3->EmperorInfo(); CEmperor *pEmperor4 = pEmperor3; pEmperor4->EmperorInfo(); CEmperor *pEmperor5 = NULL; pEmperor5 = pEmperor4; pEmperor5->EmperorInfo(); CEmperor::ReleaseInstance();
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
DoIt();
_CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF | _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF); _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks(); return 0; }
单例模式比较简单,但在项目中使用的时候,需要明确只调用CEmperor的GetInstance函数来获取实例。在C#里
有更简单的方法,那就是声明只读的静态变量,比C++简单多了。
但C++更吸引人们去研究,这就是软件研发的乐趣吧。