#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
String(const char* str = NULL);//通用构造函数,String("abc")
String(const String &str);//拷贝构造
~String();
String& operator=(const String &str);//赋值运算符。返回引用
String operator+(const String &str) const;
String& operator+=(const String &str);//+=操作符。返回引用
char& operator[](int n) const;//下标操作符。返回引用
bool operator==(const String &str) const;
int size() const;//字符串实际大小,不包括结束符
const char *c_str() const;//将string转为char *
private:
char *data;
int length;
};
String::String(const char* str)//通用构造
{
if (!str)
{//为空。String a()
length = 0;
data = new char[1];
*data = '\0';
}
else
{
length = strlen(str);
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str);//会拷贝源的结束符
}
}
String::String(const String &str)//拷贝构造,深拷贝
{
length = str.size();
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str.c_str());
}
String::~String()
{
delete[] data;
length = 0;
}
String& String::operator=(const String &str)//赋值操作符4步
{
if (this == &str) return *this;//1 自我赋值,返回自身引用
delete[] data;//2 删除原有数据
length = str.size();//3 深拷贝
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str.c_str());
return *this;//4 返回自身引用
}
String String::operator+(const String &str) const//+操作符3步
{//新建对象包括新空间,拷贝两个数据,返回新空间
String newString;
newString.length = length + str.size();
newString.data = new char[newString.length + 1];
strcpy(newString.data, data);
strcat(newString.data, str.data);
return newString;
}
String& String::operator+=(const String &str)//+=操作符5步
{//重分配新空间,拷贝两个数据,删除自己原空间,赋值为新空间,返回引用
length += str.size();//成员length是实际长度
char *newdata = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(newdata, data);
strcat(newdata, str.c_str());
delete[] data;
data = newdata;
return *this;
}
char& String::operator[](int n) const
{//下标操作符,返回引用
if (n >= length) return data[length - 1];//如果越界,返回最后一个字符
else return data[n];
}
bool String::operator==(const String &str) const
{
if (length != str.size()) return false;
return strcmp(data, str.c_str()) ? false : true;
}
int String::size() const
{
return length;
}
const char *String::c_str() const
{
return data;
}
int main()
{
char a[] = "Hello", b[] = "World!";
String s1(a), s2(b);
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
s1 += s2;
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
s1 = s2;
cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
cout << (s1 + s2).c_str() << endl;
cout << s1.size() << endl;
cout << s1[1] << endl;
if (s1 == s2)
cout << "相等" << endl;
}