1.导入Excel类型库
使用Visual C++的扩展指令#import导入Excel类型库:
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#import "C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\microsoft shared\\OFFICE14\\MSO.DLL" \ rename ( "RGB" , "MsoRGB" ) \ rename ( "SearchPath" , "MsoSearchPath" ) #import "C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\Microsoft Shared\\VBA\\VBA6\\VBE6EXT.OLB" #import "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Office\\Office14\\EXCEL.EXE" \ rename ( "DialogBox" , "ExcelDialogBox" ) \ rename ( "RGB" , "ExcelRGB" ) \ rename ( "CopyFile" , "ExcelCopyFile" ) \ rename ( "ReplaceText" , "ExcelReplaceText" ) \ exclude( "IFont" , "IPicture" ) no_dual_interfaces |
#import指令会从指定的可执行文件,动态链接库等COM组件中导出类型库(type lib),在Debug和Release临时目录中生成对应的类型库头文件(type lib header file),以供C++程序使用。如以上三条指令在编译后会生成excel.tlh, mso.lh和vbetext.olb三个头文件,可以在Debug和Release目录中找到。
2.访问Excel暴露的COM对象
下面是一段比较完整的访问Excel的实例代码。首先用生成的数据填充单元格,然后用这些单元格的数据生成了一个图表(Chart):
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try { Excel::_ApplicationPtr pExcelApp; HRESULT hr = pExcelApp.CreateInstance(L "Excel.Application" ); ATLASSERT(SUCCEEDED(hr)); pExcelApp->Visible = true ; // make Excel’s main window visible Excel::_WorkbookPtr pWorkbook = pExcelApp->Workbooks->Open(lpszPathName); // open excel file Excel::_WorksheetPtr pWorksheet = pWorkbook->ActiveSheet; pWorksheet->Name = L "Chart Data" ; Excel::RangePtr pRange = pWorksheet->Cells; const int nplot = 100; const double xlow = 0.0, xhigh = 20.0; double h = (xhigh-xlow)/( double )nplot; pRange->Item[1][1] = L "x" ; // read/write cell’s data pRange->Item[1][2] = L "f(x)" ; for ( int i=0;i<nplot;++i) { double x = xlow+i*h; pRange->Item[i+2][1] = x; pRange->Item[i+2][2] = sin (x)* exp (-x); } Excel::RangePtr pBeginRange = pRange->Item[1][1]; Excel::RangePtr pEndRange = pRange->Item[nplot+1][2]; Excel::RangePtr pTotalRange = pWorksheet->Range[(Excel::Range*)pBeginRange][(Excel::Range*)pEndRange]; Excel::_ChartPtr pChart = pExcelApp->ActiveWorkbook->Charts->Add(); // refer to : // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.office.tools.excel.chart.chartwizard(v=vs.80).aspx pChart->ChartWizard( (Excel::Range*)pTotalRange, ( long )Excel::xlXYScatter, 6L, ( long )Excel::xlColumns, 1L,1L, true , L "My Graph" , L "x" ,L "f(x)" ); pChart->Name = L "My Data Plot" ; pWorkbook->Close(VARIANT_TRUE); // save changes pExcelApp->Quit(); } catch (_com_error& error) { ATLASSERT(FALSE); ATLTRACE2(error.ErrorMessage()); } |
在这段代码中,Excel::_ApplicationPtr , Excel::_WorkbookPtr 和 Excel::_WorksheetPtr 等均是Visual C++ 编译器根据#import指令自动生成的智能指针,实际上就是C++模板类_com_ptr_t<T>的typedef,其定义可在excel.tlh等类型库头文件中找到。
另外,由于#import指令中没有指定raw_interface_only修饰符,Visual C++对Excel的COM接口进行了适当的封装,以简化COM接口属性和方法的调用,并且将HRESULT返回值都转换成了C++异常,因此,上面的这段代码不需要每一步都坚持HRESULT,而是改为捕获C++异常。