学习日常笔记<day17>jdbc基础

1.jdbc入门

1.1.jdbc定义

使用java代码发送sql语句的技术就是jdbc技术

1.2.使用jdbc发送sql前提

需要登录数据库服务器(数据库的IP地址,端口,数据库用户名,密码)

/**
 * jdbc连接数据库
 * @author APPle
 *
 */
public class Demo1 {
    //连接数据库的URL
    private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";
                        // jdbc协议:数据库子协议:主机:端口/连接的数据库   //
    private String user = "root";//用户名
    private String password = "root";//密码
    /**
     * 第一种方法
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{
        //1.创建驱动程序类对象
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver(); //新版本
        //Driver driver = new org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver(); //旧版本    
        //设置用户名和密码
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.setProperty("user", user);
        props.setProperty("password", password);    
        //2.连接数据库,返回连接对象
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, props);    
        System.out.println(conn);
    }
    /**
     * 使用驱动管理器类连接数据库(注册了两次,没必要)
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void test2() throws Exception{
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver();
        //Driver driver2 = new com.oracle.jdbc.Driver();
        //1.注册驱动程序(可以注册多个驱动程序)
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //DriverManager.registerDriver(driver2);    
        //2.连接到具体的数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);    
    }
    /**
     * (推荐使用这种方式连接数据库)
     * 推荐使用加载驱动程序类  来 注册驱动程序 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void test3() throws Exception{
        //Driver driver = new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver();    
        //通过得到字节码对象的方式加载静态代码块,从而注册驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");    
        //Driver driver2 = new com.oracle.jdbc.Driver();
        //1.注册驱动程序(可以注册多个驱动程序)
        //DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //DriverManager.registerDriver(driver2);    
        //2.连接到具体的数据库
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }
}

 

1.3.JDBC接口的核心API

|-Driver接口: 表示java驱动程序接口。所有的具体的数据库厂商要来实现此接口。
    |- connect(url, properties):  连接数据库的方法。
        url: 连接数据库的URL 
        URL语法: jdbc协议:数据库子协议://主机:端口/数据库
        user: 数据库的用户名
        password: 数据库用户密码
|-DriverManager类: 驱动管理器类,用于管理所有注册的驱动程序
    |-registerDriver(driver)  : 注册驱动类对象
    |-Connection getConnection(url,user,password);  获取连接对象
|-Connection接口: 表示java程序和数据库的连接对象。
    |- Statement createStatement() : 创建Statement对象
    |- PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)  创建PreparedStatement对象
    |- CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) 创建CallableStatement对象
|-Statement接口: 用于执行静态的sql语句
    |- int executeUpdate(String sql)  : 执行静态的更新sql语句(DDL,DML)
    |- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)  :执行的静态的查询sql语句(DQL)
    |-PreparedStatement接口:用于执行预编译sql语句
        |- int executeUpdate() : 执行预编译的更新sql语句(DDL,DML)
        |-ResultSet executeQuery()  : 执行预编译的查询sql语句(DQL)

    |-CallableStatement接口:用于执行存储过程的sql语句(call xxx)
        |-ResultSet executeQuery()  : 调用存储过程的方法
    |-ResultSet接口:用于封装查询出来的数据
        |- boolean next() : 将光标移动到下一行
        |-getXX() : 获取列的值

 

2.使用Stetement执行sql语句

2.1执行DDL语句

/**
 * 执行DDL语句(创建表)
 */
@Test
public void test1(){
    Statement stmt = null;
    Connection conn = null;
    try {
        //1.驱动注册程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");    
        //2.获取连接对象
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);    
        //3.创建Statement
        stmt = conn.createStatement();    
        //4.准备sql
        String sql = "CREATE TABLE student(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,NAME VARCHAR(20),gender VARCHAR(2))";    
        //5.发送sql语句,执行sql语句,得到返回结果
        int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);    
        //6.输出
        System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!");
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally{
        //7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭)
        if(stmt!=null)
            try {
                    stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        if(conn!=null)
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
    }
}    

2.2执行DML语句

private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";
private String user = "root";
private String password = "root";

2.2.1增加

public void testInsert(){
    Connection conn = null;
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
        //通过工具类获取连接对象
        conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();    
        //3.创建Statement对象
        stmt = conn.createStatement();    
        //4.sql语句
        String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','女')";        
        //5.执行sql
        int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");        
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally{
        //关闭资源
        /*if(stmt!=null)
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        if(conn!=null)
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }*/
        JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
    }
}

2.2.2修改

public void testUpdate(){
    Connection conn = null;
    Statement stmt = null;
    //模拟用户输入
    String name = "陈六";
    int id = 3;
    try {
        /*//1.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");        
            //2.获取连接对象
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
        //通过工具类获取连接对象
        conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();        
        //3.创建Statement对象
                stmt = conn.createStatement();    
        //4.sql语句
                String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHERE id="+id+"";        
        System.out.println(sql);        
        //5.执行sql
        int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);        
        System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");        
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally{
        //关闭资源
                /*if(stmt!=null)
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        if(conn!=null)
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }*/
        JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
    }
}            

2.2.3删除

public void testDelete(){
    Connection conn = null;
    Statement stmt = null;
    //模拟用户输入
    int id = 3;
    try {
        /*//1.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");        
        //2.获取连接对象
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
        //通过工具类获取连接对象
        conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
        //3.创建Statement对象
        stmt = conn.createStatement();        
        //4.sql语句
        String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";        
        System.out.println(sql);
        //5.执行sql
        int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        
        System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
        
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally{
        //关闭资源
        /*if(stmt!=null)
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        if(conn!=null)
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }*/
        JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
    }
}

2.3执行DQL语句

/**
 * 使用Statement执行DQL语句(查询操作)
 * @author APPle
 */
public class Demo3 {

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try{
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            //创建Statement
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //准备sql
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
            //执行sql
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
            
            //移动光标
            /*boolean flag = rs.next();
            
            flag = rs.next();
            flag = rs.next();
            if(flag){
                //取出列值
                //索引
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                String name = rs.getString(2);
                String gender = rs.getString(3);
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
                
                //列名称
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }*/
            
            //遍历结果
            while(rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }
            
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally{
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }
}

3.使用PreparedStetement执行sql语句

3.1增加

public void testInsert() {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1.获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //2.准备预编译的sql
            String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES(?,?)"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
            
            //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            //4.设置参数值
            /**
             * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
             */
            stmt.setString(1, "李四");
            stmt.setString(2, "男");
            
            //5.发送参数,执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }

3.2修改

public void testUpdate() {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1.获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //2.准备预编译的sql
            String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
            
            //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            //4.设置参数值
            /**
             * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
             */
            stmt.setString(1, "王五");
            stmt.setInt(2, 9);
            
            //5.发送参数,执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }

3.3删除

public void testDelete() {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1.获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //2.准备预编译的sql
            String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
            
            //3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            //4.设置参数值
            /**
             * 参数一: 参数位置  从1开始
             */
            stmt.setInt(1, 9);
            
            //5.发送参数,执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
            
            System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt);
        }
    }

3.4查询

public void testQuery() {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //1.获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //2.准备预编译的sql
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM student"; 
            
            //3.预编译
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            //4.执行sql
            rs = stmt.executeQuery();
            
            //5.遍历rs
            while(rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs);
        }
    }

PreparedStatement vs Statment

1)语法不同:PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,而Statment只能使用静态的sql

2)效率不同: PreparedStatement可以使用sql缓存区,效率比Statment

3)安全性不同: PreparedStatement可以有效防止sql注入,而Statment不能防止sql注入。

推荐使用PreparedStatement

4.使用CallableStatement执行存储过程

4.1带有输入参数的存储过程

public void test1(){
        Connection conn = null;
        CallableStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            
            //准备sql
            String sql = "CALL pro_findById(?)"; //可以执行预编译的sql
            
            //预编译
            stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
            
            //设置输入参数
            stmt.setInt(1, 6);
            
            //发送参数
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //注意: 所有调用存储过程的sql语句都是使用executeQuery方法执行!!!
            
            //遍历结果
            while(rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String gender = rs.getString("gender");
                System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
        }
    }

4.2带有输出参数的存储过程

public void test2(){
        Connection conn = null;
        CallableStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //获取连接
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            //准备sql
            String sql = "CALL pro_findById2(?,?)"; //第一个?是输入参数,第二个?是输出参数
            
            //预编译
            stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
            
            //设置输入参数
            stmt.setInt(1, 6);
            //设置输出参数(注册输出参数)
            /**
             * 参数一: 参数位置
             * 参数二: 存储过程中的输出参数的jdbc类型    VARCHAR(20)
             */
            stmt.registerOutParameter(2, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);
            
            //发送参数,执行
            stmt.executeQuery(); //结果不是返回到结果集中,而是返回到输出参数中
            
            //得到输出参数的值
            /**
             * 索引值: 预编译sql中的输出参数的位置
             */
            String result = stmt.getString(2); //getXX方法专门用于获取存储过程中的输出参数
            
            System.out.println(result);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
        }
    }

 

posted @ 2016-05-11 18:02  双子座的皮卡丘  阅读(174)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报