笔记:JDBC 数据库

  • 数据库 URL

    在连接数据库时,我们必须使用各种与数据库类型相关的参数,例如主机名、端口号和数据库名称等,JDBC使用了一种与普通URL相类似的语法来描述数据库,JDBC URL 一般语法为:

    jdbc:subprotocol:other stuff

    其中 subprotocol 用于选择连接到数据库的具体驱动程序

    other stuff 参数的格式随所使用的 subprotocol 不同而不同

    示例:

    MySQL 数据库:jdbc:mysql://localhost:port/dbname

  • 注册驱动器类

    某些JDBC 的JAR文件将自动注册驱动器类,在这种情况下可以跳过手动注册步骤,在驱动程序JAR文件中的 META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver 存在这个文件就表示自动注册。

    如果驱动程序JAR文件不支持自动注册,那就需要找出数据库提供商使用的JDBC驱动器类名字,通过使用 DriverManager 可以在Java程序中加载驱动器类,例如:

    Class.forName("驱动器类");

    这条语句将使驱动器类被加载,由此执行可以注册驱动器的静态初始化器。

  • 连接到数据库

    使用 java.sql 包下的 DriverManager 驱动管理器类的 getConnection 方法获取数据库连接对象,在获取数据库连接对象需要传入数据库URL和用户名等验证信息,MySQL示例代码:

    package org.drsoft;

    import java.sql.Connection;

    import java.sql.DriverManager;

    import java.sql.SQLException;

    public class JDBCManager {

        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

            String jdbcUrl="jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

            String userName="dev";

            String password="liyong";

              

            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName,password);

       

    conn.close();

        }

    }

  • 执行SQL语句

    在执行SQL 语句之前,首先需要创建一个Statement 对象,要创建 Statement 对象,需要使用调用 DriverManager.getConnection 方法获取获取的 Connection 对象,使用 Connection 对象调用 createStatement 方法来创建,代码示例如下:

    • 执行插入/更新/删除SQL语句

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl="jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName="dev";

              String password="liyong";

                

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName,password);

              Statement statement= conn.createStatement();

              String sql="Insert Into Transit_Record(Total_Count,Total_Trade_Amt) Values(101,1023)";

                

              int updateRowCount = statement.executeUpdate(sql);

              System.out.println("executeUpdate row "+updateRowCount);

         

      conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 执行插入并获取自增长主键值

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              String insertDataTimeSql =

      "Insert Into Transit_Record(Total_Count,Total_Trade_Amt,Create_Time) Values(101,1023,?)";

              PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(insertDataTimeSql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);

              ps.setString(1, "2016-01-01 23:44:33");

         

              int rowCount = ps.executeUpdate();

              ResultSet keyResultSet = ps.getGeneratedKeys();

              if (keyResultSet.next()) {

                  System.out.println("insertDateTime rowCount=" + rowCount + "\tKey=" + keyResultSet.getInt(1));

              }

         

              conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 执行查询SQL语句

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              Statement statement = conn.createStatement();

              String querySql = "Select * from Transit_Record Order by Record_ID DESC Limit 0,10";

              ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(querySql);

              while (resultSet.next()) {

                  System.out.println(

                          "RecordID=" + resultSet.getInt("Record_ID") + "\tTotalCount=" +

      resultSet.getInt("Total_Count"));

              }

         

      conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 执行参数SQL语句

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              String querySingleSql = "Select * from Transit_Record Where Record_ID = ?";

                

              PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(querySingleSql);

              preparedStatement.setInt(1, 6624);

              ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

              while (resultSet.next()) {

                  System.out.println(

                          "RecordID=" + resultSet.getInt("Record_ID") + "\tTotalCount=" +

      resultSet.getInt("Total_Count"));

              }

                

              conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 读取 LOB

      在SQL中,二进制大对象称为 BLOB,字符型大对象称为CLOB,要读取LOB,需要执行SELECT语句,然后在ResultSet 对象上调用 getBlob 或 getClob方法,这样就可以获取Blob或Clob类型对象,然后分别通过调用 getBytes 或 getBinaryStream 获取二进制数据;通过调用 getSubString 或 getCharacterStream 获取字符串数据,代码示例:

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              String querySingleSql = "Select Cover from Transit_Record Where Record_ID = ?";

                

              PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(querySingleSql);

              preparedStatement.setInt(1, 6624);

              ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

              if(resultSet.next()) {

                  Blob blob = resultSet.getBlob(1);

                  Image coverImage ImageIo.read(blob.getBinaryStream();

              }

                

              conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 写入LOB

      要将LOB保存到数据库,需要在 Connection 对象上调用 createBlob createClob,然后获取一个用于该LOB的输出流,写入数据,并将该对象存储到数据库中,示例代码:

      package org.drsoft;

       import java.sql.*;

      public class JDBCManager {

           public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

                String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

                String userName = "dev";

                String password = "liyong";

                    

                Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

                String querySingleSql = "Insert Into Transit_Record(Cover) Values(?)";

                            

                byte[] buff = new byte[1024];

                Blob newBlob = conn.createBlob();

                newBlob.setBytes(0,newBlob);

                PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(querySingleSql);

                preparedStatement.setInt(1, newBlob);

                int updateRowCount = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

                            

               conn.close();

        }

  • 调用存储过程
    • 查询存储过程

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              String procCallSql = "call procGet_Trade_Report(?,?)";

              PreparedStatement procPreparedtatement = conn.prepareStatement(procCallSql);

              procPreparedtatement.setInt(1, 1000);

              procPreparedtatement.setInt(2, 4000);

         

              ResultSet procResultSet = procPreparedtatement.executeQuery();

              if (procResultSet.next()) {

                  System.out.println("procGet_Trade_Report SumTotalAmt=" + procResultSet.getLong(1)

                          + "\tSumTotalCount=" + procResultSet.getLong(2));

              }

         

              conn.close();

          }

      }

    • 输入和输出参数储存过程

      package org.drsoft;

      import java.sql.*;

      import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

      public class JDBCManager {

          public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

              String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

              String userName = "dev";

              String password = "liyong";

         

              Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

              String procReturnCallSql = "{call procTransit_Record_Create(?,?,?)}";

              CallableStatement callPreParedStatement = conn.prepareCall(procReturnCallSql);

              // 第一个参数是输出参数

              callPreParedStatement.registerOutParameter(1, Types.INTEGER);

              callPreParedStatement.setInt(2, 1000);

              callPreParedStatement.setLong(3, new Long(4000));

              // 调用结果返回 true 则表示返回的是结果集,返回 false 表示结果是更新计数或没有结果

              callPreParedStatement.execute();

              // 获取输出参数值

              System.out.println("procTransit_Record_Create Record_ID=" + callPreParedStatement.getInt(1));

         

              conn.close();

      }

      }

  • SQL转义

    "转义"语法支持各种数据库普遍支持的特性,当是数据库使用的是与数据库相关的语法变体,因此,将转义语法转译为特定的数据库语法是JDBC驱动程序的任务之一,在LIKE子句中的转义字符,"_"和"%"字符在LIKE子句中有特殊含义,用来匹配一个字符或一个字符序列,如果需要匹配所有包含"_"的字符串,就必须使用"!"转义符

  • 数据库事务

    默认情况下,数据库连接处于自动提交模式,每个SQL语句一旦被提交给数据库,一旦命名被提交,就无法对他进行回滚操作,在使用事务时,需要关闭这个默认值。

    package org.drsoft;

    import java.sql.*;

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    public class JDBCManager {

        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

            String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

            String userName = "dev";

            String password = "liyong";

       

            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

            // 设置自动提交为 false

            conn.setAutoCommit(false);

            String procReturnCallSql = "{call procTransit_Record_Create(?,?,?)}";

            CallableStatement callPreParedStatement = conn.prepareCall(procReturnCallSql);

            callPreParedStatement.registerOutParameter(1, Types.INTEGER);

            callPreParedStatement.setInt(2, 1000);

            callPreParedStatement.setLong(3, new Long(4000));

            // 调用结果返回 true 则表示返回的是结果集,返回 false 表示结果是更新计数或没有结果

            callPreParedStatement.execute();

            System.out.println("Record_ID=" + callPreParedStatement.getInt(1)+"\tCommit");

            // 提交事务

            conn.commit();

              

            callPreParedStatement.execute();

            System.out.println("Record_ID=" + callPreParedStatement.getInt(1)+"\tRollback");

            callPreParedStatement.execute();

            System.out.println("Record_ID=" + callPreParedStatement.getInt(1)+"\tRollback");

              

            // 回滚事务

            conn.rollback();

            conn.close();

        }

    }

  • 批量更新

    如果有一个程序需要执行许多INSERT语句,以便将数据填入数据库表中,此时可以使用批量更新的方法来提高程序性能,在使用批量更新时,可以支持INSERTUPDATEDELETE和数据库定义语句相关。

    package org.drsoft;

    import java.sql.*;

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    import java.util.Calendar;

    import java.util.Locale;

    public class JDBCManager {

        public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

            String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.94.128:3306/hibernatedb";

            String userName = "dev";

            String password = "liyong";

       

            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, userName, password);

            String sql = "Insert Into Transit_Record(Total_Count,Total_Trade_Amt,Create_Time) Values(101,1023,?)";

            PreparedStatement batchStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

            SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

            Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(Locale.CHINA);

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

       

                calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND) + 1);

                batchStatement.setString(1, df.format(calendar.getTime()));

                // 增加一条语句和相关参数

                batchStatement.addBatch();

            }

            // 批量执行

            int[] executeResult = batchStatement.executeBatch();

            for (int i = 0; i < executeResult.length; i++) {

                System.out.println("Execute Result " + executeResult[i]);

            }

            conn.close();

        }

    }

       

       

       

       

posted @ 2017-04-25 22:15  立3807  阅读(313)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报