C#学习第五天

  今天进行了C#的第五次学习,继续了解C#的相关知识:

继承

  继承就是基类派生出去多种类,就好比狗是哺乳动物,狗是派生类,哺乳动物是基类。

  下面是一个简单的继承:

using System;
namespace InheritanceApplication
{
   class Shape
   {
      public void setWidth(int w)
      {
         width = w;
      }
      public void setHeight(int h)
      {
         height = h;
      }
      protected int width;
      protected int height;
   }

   // 派生类
   class Rectangle: Shape
   {
      public int getArea()
      {
         return (width * height);
      }
   }
   
   class RectangleTester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle();

         Rect.setWidth(5);
         Rect.setHeight(7);

         // 打印对象的面积
         Console.WriteLine("总面积: {0}",  Rect.getArea());
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

  我们也可以进行多重继承:

using System;
namespace InheritanceApplication
{
   class Shape
   {
      public void setWidth(int w)
      {
         width = w;
      }
      public void setHeight(int h)
      {
         height = h;
      }
      protected int width;
      protected int height;
   }

   // 基类 PaintCost
   public interface PaintCost
   {
      int getCost(int area);

   }
   // 派生类
   class Rectangle : Shape, PaintCost
   {
      public int getArea()
      {
         return (width * height);
      }
      public int getCost(int area)
      {
         return area * 70;
      }
   }
   class RectangleTester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Rectangle Rect = new Rectangle();
         int area;
         Rect.setWidth(5);
         Rect.setHeight(7);
         area = Rect.getArea();
         // 打印对象的面积
         Console.WriteLine("总面积: {0}",  Rect.getArea());
         Console.WriteLine("油漆总成本: ${0}" , Rect.getCost(area));
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

多态性

静态多态性

函数重载

  函数重载就是一个函数可以通过传入不同的参数来进行不同的运算,例如:

using System;
namespace PolymorphismApplication
{
    public class TestData  
    {  
        public int Add(int a, int b, int c)  
        {  
            return a + b + c;  
        }  
        public int Add(int a, int b)  
        {  
            return a + b;  
        }  
    }  
    class Program  
    {  
        static void Main(string[] args)  
        {  
            TestData dataClass = new TestData();
            int add1 = dataClass.Add(1, 2);  
            int add2 = dataClass.Add(1, 2, 3);

            Console.WriteLine("add1 :" + add1);
            Console.WriteLine("add2 :" + add2);  
        }  
    }  
}

运算符重载

  用法与函数重载相同:

using System;
namespace PolymorphismApplication
{
   class Printdata
   {
      void print(int i)
      {
         Console.WriteLine("输出整型: {0}", i );
      }

      void print(double f)
      {
         Console.WriteLine("输出浮点型: {0}" , f);
      }

      void print(string s)
      {
         Console.WriteLine("输出字符串: {0}", s);
      }
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Printdata p = new Printdata();
         // 调用 print 来打印整数
         p.print(1);
         // 调用 print 来打印浮点数
         p.print(1.23);
         // 调用 print 来打印字符串
         p.print("Hello Runoob");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

动态多态性

  可以通过abstract关键字来创建一个抽象类,里面有抽象方法,可以被派生类实现。

  我们也可以用sealed关键字来实现密封,密封之后的类不能够被继承且无法使用抽象类。

using System;
namespace PolymorphismApplication
{
   abstract class Shape
   {
       abstract public int area();
   }
   class Rectangle:  Shape
   {
      private int length;
      private int width;
      public Rectangle( int a=0, int b=0)
      {
         length = a;
         width = b;
      }
      public override int area ()
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Rectangle 类的面积:");
         return (width * length);
      }
   }

   class RectangleTester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Rectangle r = new Rectangle(10, 7);
         double a = r.area();
         Console.WriteLine("面积: {0}",a);
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

  如果我们想在继承类里实现基类的方法,可以用虚方法,关键字virtual来实现。

  动态多态性是通过抽象类虚方法实现的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Shape
{
    public int X { get; private set; }
    public int Y { get; private set; }
    public int Height { get; set; }
    public int Width { get; set; }
   
    // 虚方法
    public virtual void Draw()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("执行基类的画图任务");
    }
}

class Circle : Shape
{
    public override void Draw()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("画一个圆形");
        base.Draw();
    }
}
class Rectangle : Shape
{
    public override void Draw()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("画一个长方形");
        base.Draw();
    }
}
class Triangle : Shape
{
    public override void Draw()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("画一个三角形");
        base.Draw();
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 创建一个 List<Shape> 对象,并向该对象添加 Circle、Triangle 和 Rectangle
        var shapes = new List<Shape>
        {
            new Rectangle(),
            new Triangle(),
            new Circle()
        };

        // 使用 foreach 循环对该列表的派生类进行循环访问,并对其中的每个 Shape 对象调用 Draw 方法
        foreach (var shape in shapes)
        {
            shape.Draw();
        }

        Console.WriteLine("按下任意键退出。");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }

}

运算符重载

  运算符重载在我看来就是让运算更加的方便省事,可以节省代码。

image-20221014160122665

  举个例子:

using System;

namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
    class Box
    {
       private double length;      // 长度
       private double breadth;     // 宽度
       private double height;      // 高度
     
       public double getVolume()
       {
         return length * breadth * height;
       }
      public void setLength( double len )
      {
          length = len;
      }

      public void setBreadth( double bre )
      {
          breadth = bre;
      }

      public void setHeight( double hei )
      {
          height = hei;
      }
      // 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
      public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c)
      {
          Box box = new Box();
          box.length = b.length + c.length;
          box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
          box.height = b.height + c.height;
          return box;
      }
     
      public static bool operator == (Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height
             && lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }
      public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height
              || lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }
      public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height
              < rhs.height && lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }

      public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height
              > rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }

      public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height
              <= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }

      public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
      {
          bool status = false;
          if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height
             >= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth)
          {
              status = true;
          }
          return status;
      }
      public override string ToString()
      {
          return String.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
      }
   
   }
   
   class Tester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
        Box Box1 = new Box();          // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
        Box Box2 = new Box();          // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
        Box Box3 = new Box();          // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
        Box Box4 = new Box();
        double volume = 0.0;   // 体积

        // Box1 详述
        Box1.setLength(6.0);
        Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
        Box1.setHeight(5.0);

        // Box2 详述
        Box2.setLength(12.0);
        Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
        Box2.setHeight(10.0);

       // 使用重载的 ToString() 显示两个盒子
        Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}", Box2.ToString());
       
        // Box1 的体积
        volume = Box1.getVolume();
        Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);

        // Box2 的体积
        volume = Box2.getVolume();
        Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);

        // 把两个对象相加
        Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
        Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
        // Box3 的体积
        volume = Box3.getVolume();
        Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);

        //comparing the boxes
        if (Box1 > Box2)
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于 Box2");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于 Box2");
        if (Box1 < Box2)
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于 Box2");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于 Box2");
        if (Box1 >= Box2)
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于等于 Box2");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于等于 Box2");
        if (Box1 <= Box2)
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于等于 Box2");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于等于 Box2");
        if (Box1 != Box2)
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 不等于 Box2");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box1 等于 Box2");
        Box4 = Box3;
        if (Box3 == Box4)
          Console.WriteLine("Box3 等于 Box4");
        else
          Console.WriteLine("Box3 不等于 Box4");

        Console.ReadKey();
      }
    }
}

接口

  接口也是用关键字interface来进行定义,与Java一样。

using System;

interface IParentInterface
{
    void ParentInterfaceMethod();
}

interface IMyInterface : IParentInterface
{
    void MethodToImplement();
}

class InterfaceImplementer : IMyInterface
{
    static void Main()
    {
        InterfaceImplementer iImp = new InterfaceImplementer();
        iImp.MethodToImplement();
        iImp.ParentInterfaceMethod();
    }

    public void MethodToImplement()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("MethodToImplement() called.");
    }

    public void ParentInterfaceMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("ParentInterfaceMethod() called.");
    }
}

posted @ 2022-10-14 16:25  信2005-2刘海涛  阅读(34)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报