python学习之Xpath、selenium其他用法、获取cookies登录验证、
1.Xpath
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe') try: # 隐式等待: 写在get请求前 driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html') # 显式等待: 写在get请求后 # wait.until(...) ''' <html> <head> <base href='http://example.com/' /> <title>Example website</title> </head> <body> <div id='images'> <a href='image1.html'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a> <a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a> <a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a> <a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a> <a href='image5.html'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a> </div> </body> </html> ''' # 根据xpath语法查找元素 # / 从根节点开始找第一个 html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html') # html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/head') # 报错 print(html.tag_name) # // 从根节点开始找任意一个节点 div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div') print(div.tag_name) # @ # 查找id为images的div节点 div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="images"]') print(div.tag_name) print(div.text) # 找到第一个a节点 a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a') print(a.tag_name) # 找到所有a节点 a_s = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a') print(a_s) # 找到第一个a节点的href属性 # get_attribute:获取节点中某个属性 a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a').get_attribute('href') print(a) finally: driver.close()
2.
'''''' ''' 点击、清除操作 ''' # from selenium import webdriver # from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys # import time # # driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe') # # try: # driver.implicitly_wait(10) # # 1、往jd发送请求 # driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # # 找到输入框输入围城 # input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') # input_tag.send_keys('围城') # # 键盘回车 # input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # time.sleep(2) # # 找到输入框输入墨菲定律 # input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') # input_tag.clear() # input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律') # # 找到搜索按钮点击搜索 # button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button') # button.click() # time.sleep(10) # # finally: # driver.close() ''' 获取cookies （了解） ''' # from selenium import webdriver # import time # # driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe') # # try: # driver.implicitly_wait(10) # driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore') # print(driver.get_cookies()) # # time.sleep(10) # finally: # driver.close() ''' 选项卡 ''' #选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键： # ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式 # import time # from selenium import webdriver # # browser = webdriver.Chrome() # try: # browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') # # # execute_script: 执行javascrpit代码 # # 弹窗操作 # # browser.execute_script('alert("tank")') # # 新建浏览器窗口 # browser.execute_script( # ''' # window.open(); # ''' # ) # time.sleep(1) # print(browser.window_handles) # 获取所有的选项卡 # # 切换到第二个窗口 # # 新: # browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1]) # # 旧: # # browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1]) # # # 第二个窗口往淘宝发送请求 # browser.get('https://www.taobao.com') # time.sleep(5) # # # 切换到第一个窗口 # browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0]) # browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn') # # time.sleep(10) # finally: # browser.close() ''' ActionChangs动作链 ''' # from selenium import webdriver # from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # import time # # driver = webdriver.Chrome() # driver.implicitly_wait(10) # driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable') # # try: # # # driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult') # # 切换到id为iframeResult的窗口内 # driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # # # 源位置 # draggable = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable') # # # 目标位置 # droppable = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable') # # # 调用ActionChains，必须把驱动对象传进去 # # 得到一个动作链对象，复制给一个变量 # actions = ActionChains(driver) # # # 方式一: 机器人 # # 瞬间把源图片位置秒移到目标图片位置 # # actions.drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable) # 编写一个行为 # # actions.perform() # 执行编写好的行为 # # # # 方式二: 模拟人的行为 # source = draggable.location['x'] # target = droppable.location['x'] # print(source, target) # # distance = target - source # print(distance) # # # perform：每个动作都要调用perform执行 # # # 点击并摁住源图片 # ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(draggable).perform() # # s = 0 # while s < distance: # # 执行位移操作 # ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform() # s += 2 # # # 释放动作链 # ActionChains(driver).release().perform() # # time.sleep(10) # # # finally: # driver.close() ''' 前进、后退 ''' # from selenium import webdriver # import time # # driver = webdriver.Chrome() # # try: # driver.implicitly_wait(10) # driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/') # driver.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/') # # time.sleep(2) # # # 回退操作 # driver.back() # time.sleep(1) # # 前进操作 # driver.forward() # time.sleep(1) # driver.back() # time.sleep(10) # # finally: # driver.close()
3.破解登录
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions import time r''' 步骤: 1、打开文件的查看，显示隐藏文件 2、找到C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data 删除Default文件 3、重新打开浏览器，并登陆百度账号 - 此时会创建一个新的Default缓存文件 4、添加cookies 5、关闭谷歌浏览器后执行程序 ''' # 获取options对象，参数对象 options = ChromeOptions() # 获取cookies保存路径 # 'C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data' profile_directory = r'--user-data-dir=C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data' # 添加用户信息目录 options.add_argument(profile_directory) # 把参数加载到当前驱动中 chrome_options默认参数，用来接收options对象 driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) try: driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/') ''' BDUSS:***** ''' # 添加用户cookies信息 # name、value必须小写 driver.add_cookie({"name": "BDUSS", "value": "用户session字符串"}) # 刷新操作 driver.refresh() time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close()
4.破解滑动验证码
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable') try: # driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult') # 切换到id为iframeResult的窗口内 driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # 源位置 draggable = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable') # 目标位置 droppable = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable') # 调用ActionChains，必须把驱动对象传进去 # 得到一个动作链对象，复制给一个变量 actions = ActionChains(driver) # 方式一: 机器人 # 瞬间把源图片位置秒移到目标图片位置 # actions.drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable) # 编写一个行为 # actions.perform() # 执行编写好的行为 # 方式二: 模拟人的行为 source = draggable.location['x'] target = droppable.location['x'] print(source, target) distance = target - source print(distance) # perform：每个动作都要调用perform执行 # 点击并摁住源图片 ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(draggable).perform() s = 0 while s < distance: # 执行位移操作 ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform() s += 2 # 释放动作链 ActionChains(driver).release().perform() time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close()
5.爬取京东商品信息
''' 爬取京东商品信息: 请求url: https://www.jd.com/ 提取商品信息: 1.商品详情页 2.商品名称 3.商品价格 4.评价人数 5.商品商家 ''' from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys import time def get_good(driver): try: # 通过JS控制滚轮滑动获取所有商品信息 js_code = ''' window.scrollTo(0,5000); ''' driver.execute_script(js_code) # 执行js代码 # 等待数据加载 time.sleep(2) # 3、查找所有商品div # good_div = driver.find_element_by_id('J_goodsList') good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item') n = 1 for good in good_list: # 根据属性选择器查找 # 商品链接 good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector( '.p-img a').get_attribute('href') # 商品名称 good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector( '.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--") # 商品价格 good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name( 'p-price').text.replace("\n", ":") # 评价人数 good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name( 'p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ") good_content = f''' 商品链接: {good_url} 商品名称: {good_name} 商品价格: {good_price} 评价人数: {good_commit} \n ''' print(good_content) with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(good_content) next_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next') next_tag.click() time.sleep(2) # 递归调用函数 get_good(driver) time.sleep(10) finally: driver.close() if __name__ == '__main__': good_name = input('请输入爬取商品信息:').strip() driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'F:\python学习\Scripts\chromedriver') driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 1、往京东主页发送请求 driver.get('https://www.jd.com/') # 2、输入商品名称，并回车搜索 input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key') input_tag.send_keys(good_name) input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) time.sleep(2) get_good(driver)
