from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
#from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
#这两个ThreadPool好像区别不大,方法基本一样
import time
def test1(x):
print("x1:", x)
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
if x == 8:
time.sleep(10)
elif x == 12:
time.sleep(5)
elif x == 49:
time.sleep(20)
print('这里等待时间最长!')
else:
return
except Exception as e:
print('error1:', e)
raise Exception('timeout error1 ', x) # 只要没走return都会触发此异常
def test2(x):
print("x2:", x)
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
if x == 9:
time.sleep(1)
elif x == 11:
time.sleep(5)
elif x == 40:
time.sleep(10)
else:
return
except Exception as e:
print('error2:', e)
raise Exception('timeout error2 ', x)
def task(x):
ret1 = test1(x)
ret2 = test2(x)
print('ret1 and ret2: ', ret1, ret2)
#下面这些条件判断其实是不必要的,因为异常发生前get的结果已经是None了,而异常发生时这里的else语句没机会执行
if ret1 is None and ret2 is None:
return
else:
return 1
#raise Exception('test1 or test2 is timeout!')
#apply_async---error
def dome0():
time1 = time.time()
result1 = []
pool = ThreadPool(20)
for i in range(50):
result = pool.apply_async(func=task, args=(i,))
result1.append(result)
pool.close()
pool.join()
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
# 结果分析
#无法接收子线程的异常,主线程中不会报错,这样的实现是不合理的
#apply_async
def dome1():
time1 = time.time()
result1 = []
result2 = []
pool = ThreadPool(20)
for i in range(50):
result = pool.apply_async(func=task, args=(i,))
# 怀疑会在 x==9 处报异常,因为sleep时间最短且可能在同一线程池中被处理,然而实际情况是在x==8处报异常
# 在 if 后面最小的x 处中断 error is ('timeout error1 ', 8),而与sleep时间无关
result1.append(result)
# 下面两句会影响总时间,只有wait时为10s,加上join时20s,可以看出join会运行所有的子线程
# pool.close()
# pool.join()
# print('=====if====1') #这种方式能检测出子线程的超时异常
# try:
# for i in result1:
# i.wait() # 等待线程函数执行完毕
# print('success:',i.successful())
# print('ready:',i.ready())
# print('get:',i.get()) # 线程函数返回值
# if i.ready(): # 线程函数是否已经启动了
# if i.successful(): # 线程函数是否执行成功
# result2.append(i.get())
# except Exception as e:
# print("error is %s" % str(e))
# print('=====if====1')
print('=====while====2')
# 与1基本一样,放到tempest中再比较一下,线程的等待情况,基本不要用while,目前来看和if真的没区别
try:
for i in result1:
i.wait(timeout=60)
while i.ready():
print("ready %s" % i.ready())
print("successful %s" % i.successful())
print("i.get %s" % i.get())
if i.successful():
result2.append(i.get())
break
except Exception as e:
print("error is %s" % str(e))
print('=====while====2')
print("result2 and len: ", (result2, len(result2)))
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
# 结果分析
# error is ('timeout error1 ', 8)
# result2 and len: ([None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None], 8)
# time: 20.839099645614624
# 线程按 x 的进入顺序触发异常,而与sleep时间无关
# 可以i.get()得到异常发生前的返回,这一点是map类方法无法做到的
# 异常发生后其他线程并没有中断,还是执行最长的sleep(20),导致最后time 为20s
#map_async
def dome2():
result2 = []
time1 = time.time()
pool = ThreadPool(20)
my_iter = range(50)
try:
result = pool.map_async(task, my_iter)
# 怀疑会在 x==9 处报异常,因为sleep时间最短且可能在同一线程池中被处理
# 在 if 后面时间最短处中断 error is ('timeout error2 ', 9),而与sleep时间有关
# map和map_async 不按 x 的进入顺序处理
#下面两句加不加好像不影响,wait已经等待了
pool.close()
pool.join()
result.wait() # 等待所有线程函数执行完毕
#放在这里打印可以提前预警,知道错误产生的原因
print("ready %s" % result.ready())
print("successful %s" % result.successful())
print("i.get %s" % result.get())
print('=====if====1')
if result.ready(): # 线程函数是否已经启动了
if result.successful(): # 线程函数是否执行成功
result2.append(result.get())
# 以下函数在全部线程都执行成功时可以重复执行,返回值相同,但异常时只能执行一次successful/get
print("ready %s" % result.ready())
print("successful %s" % result.successful())
print("i.get %s" % result.get())
print("ready %s" % result.ready())
print("successful %s" % result.successful())
print("i.get %s" % result.get())
# error is ('timeout error2 ', 9)
# result2 and len: ([], 0)
print('=====if====1')
# print('=====while====2')
# while result.ready():
# if result.successful():
# result2.append(result.get())
# break
# #while 并不合适在map类的方法中,因为map类是完成全部线程的运行后才返回数据
# #如果非要使用,while外面需要有 result.successful()、result.get()的提前调用
# #来结束线程结果不能返回的异常。(因为线程一直是ready==True状态)
# print('=====while====2')
except Exception as e:
print("error is %s" % str(e))
print("result2 and len: ", (result2, len(result2)))
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
# 结果分析
# result2 and len: ([], 0)
# time: 20.790918588638306
# map会跑全部的线程,x==9时触发异常的等待时间最短
# 异常发生后其他线程并没有中断,还是执行最长的sleep(20),导致最后time 为20s
# 一旦有线程异常,result.get()就得不到数据了
#map
def dome3():
time1 = time.time()
pool = ThreadPool(20)
my_iter = range(50)
try:
result = pool.map(task, my_iter)
pool.close()
pool.join()
print('result : ', result)
except Exception as e:
print("error is %s" % str(e))
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
# 结果分析
#error is ('timeout error2 ', 9)
#time: 20.84999394416809
# 也是并发执行,x==9时触发异常的等待时间最短
# 异常发生后其他线程并没有中断,还是执行最长的sleep(20),导致最后time 为20s
# 一旦有线程异常,result = pool.map(task, my_iter)就会Exception,得不到返回数据
# apply
def dome4():
time1 = time.time()
pool = ThreadPool(20)
results = []
try:
for i in range(50):
result = pool.apply(task, (i,))
results.append(result)
print(results)
except Exception as e:
print("error is %s" % str(e))
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
#结果分析
#error is ('timeout error1 ', 8)
#time: 11.943454027175903
#一步一步执行,并没有并发,基本和单线程一样,异常发生后就不再往下执行
#map_async---上面的map_async其实不需要if判断的
def dome5():
result2 = []
time1 = time.time()
pool = ThreadPool(20)
my_iter = range(50)
try:
result = pool.map_async(task, my_iter)
# 怀疑会在 x==9 处报异常,因为sleep时间最短且可能在同一线程池中被处理
# 在 if 后面时间最短处中断 error is ('timeout error2 ', 9),而与sleep时间有关
# map和map_async 不按 x 的进入顺序处理
#下面两句加不加好像不影响,wait已经等待了
pool.close()
pool.join()
result.wait() # 等待所有线程函数执行完毕
#放在这里打印可以触发异常,不然就算子线程异常了,主线程也不会知道
print("ready %s" % result.ready())
print("successful %s" % result.successful())
print("i.get %s" % result.get())
except Exception as e:
print("error is %s" % str(e))
print("result2 and len: ", (result2, len(result2)))
time2 = time.time()
print("time:", time2 - time1)
# 结果分析
#对比dome2,这里的更简洁一些,不需要多余的if判断,子线程有异常直接接收就好
if __name__ == "__main__":
dome0()
总结:
- 不建议使用while,因为和if基本一样的功能,主线程会等待子线程,不需要轮询
- apply_async中加上join会增加异常发生时总的时间(会把全部的线程都运行了,异常发生时会中断异常线程,其他线程不影响,但get的结果只收集异常发生前的线程返回)。异常会发生在最快进入sleep的线程中,get返回结果是x最先进入sleep触发异常前的线程(x=8,sleep(10))的结果,总消耗时间在不加join情况下也以此x为准,但当加join后总消耗时间会以最长sleep的为参考,也就是说会运行所有的线程,但get的结果还是第一个异常触发前的x<8的其他线程的结果
- map_async中加不加join一样。map总是把全部线程都执行,异常会发生在sleep最短(x=9,sleep(1))的线程中,返回结果时以sleep最短的异常为准,但总消耗时间以sleep最长的为准,发生异常就get不到结果
- 无论是map还是apply,若只是多线程发送请求不关注结果,可以不用加result.wait()、result.successful()、result.get(),如果要关注就必须加上,这样才能接收子线程的异常,这就是异步。