Python+Appium自动化测试(13)-toast定位

一,前言

在app自动化测试的过程中经常会遇到需要对toast进行定位,最常见的就是定位toast或者获取toast的文案进行断言,如下图,通过定位"登录成功"的toast就可以断言今日头条登录用例是否通过。但toast区别于控件元素,无法获取焦点,不能通过uiautomatorviewer.bat、appium、weditor等工具定位,因此我们就需要通过别的方法来定位。

今日头条app登录成功页面

二,环境

  • windows 10
  • Android 10
  • appium 1.18.0 (desktop)
  • selenium 3.141.0
  • jdk 1.8

三,toast定位准备与定位方法

1,准备

注意:网上大量的博客都说定位toast需要使用uiautomator2,且需要安装appium-uiautomator2-driver。但我在以上环境定位toast时是不需要uiautomator2,也无需安装appium-uiautomator2-driver,且能定位成功!!!大家可以尝试,如果报错的话就老实按照下面步骤进行吧。

1.1,在Capablity里新增参数使用uiautomator2:

desired_caps['automationName'] = 'uiautomator2',

1.2,再安装appium-uiautomator2-driver,命令如下:

cnpm install appium-uiautomator2-driver

安装成功后在C:\Users\xxx\node_modules会出现如下文件:

_appium-uiautomator2-driver@1.12.0@appium-uiautomator2-driver
_appium-uiautomator2-server@1.10.0@appium-uiautomator2-server

2,定位方法

toast需使用xpath的方式进行定位

2.1,根据toast的文本内容定位toast

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@text="xxxxxx"]')

这种方式一般用于判断或断言是否出现文本为"xxxxxx"的toast,因此我们可以封装如下:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @author: 给你一页白纸

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

def is_toast_exist(driver, text, timeout=20, poll_frequency=0.1):
    '''
    判断toast是否存在,是则返回True,否则返回False
    :param driver: driver实例对象
    :param text: toast文本
    :param timeout: 定位超时时间
    :param poll_frequency: 查询频率
    :return: True or False
    '''
    try:
        toast_loc = (By.XPATH, ".//*[contains(@text, %s)]" % text)
        WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
            ec.presence_of_element_located(toast_loc)
        )
        return True
    except:
        return False

2.2,根据toast的属性className定位toast

toast的className值为:android.widget.Toast

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@class="android.widget.Toast"]')

这种方式一般用于获取toast的文本内容,封装如下:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @author: 给你一页白纸

def get_toast_text(driver, timeout=20, poll_frequency=0.1):
    '''
    定位toast元素,获取text属性
    :param driver: driver实例对象
    :param timeout: 元素定位超时时间
    :param poll_frequency: 查询频率
    :return: toast文本内容
    '''
    toast_loc = (By.XPATH, '//*[@class="android.widget.Toast"]')
    try:
        toast = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
            ec.presence_of_element_located(toast_loc)
        )
        toast_text = toast.get_attribute('text')
        return toast_text
    except Exception as e:
        return e

注意

  • 等待方式只能用presence_of_element_located(),即只能等待其存在,而不能等待其可见。

  • 如果初始化构造driver时已经使用了隐式等待implicitly_wait(),则timeout参数可以不写。

四,示例代码

定位今日头条app账号密码登录成功后的 "登录成功"toast

注意:我这里是将desired_caps里的Uiautomator2参数注释掉了,且未安装appium-uiautomator2-driver,也同样能定位到,大家可在与我相同的环境下进行尝试。

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @author: 给你一页白纸

from appium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

def android_driver():
    desired_caps = {
        "platformName": "Android",
        "platformVersion": "10",
        "deviceName": "PCT_AL10",
        "appPackage": "com.ss.android.article.news",
        "appActivity": ".activity.MainActivity",
        # "automationName": "UiAutomator2",
        "unicodeKeyboard": True,
        "resetKeyboard": True,
        "noReset": True,
    }
    # 启动app
    driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)
    return driver

def is_toast_exist(driver, text, timeout=20, poll_frequency=0.1):
    '''
    判断toast是否存在,是则返回True,否则返回False
    '''
    try:
        toast_loc = (By.XPATH, ".//*[contains(@text, %s)]" % text)
        WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
            ec.presence_of_element_located(toast_loc)
        )
        return True
    except:
        return False

def get_toast_text(driver, timeout=20, poll_frequency=0.1):
    '''
    定位toast元素,获取text属性
    '''
    toast_loc = (By.XPATH, '//*[@class="android.widget.Toast"]')
    try:
        toast = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
            ec.presence_of_element_located(toast_loc)
        )
        toast_text = toast.get_attribute('text')
        return toast_text
    except Exception as e:
        return e

def login_opera(driver):
    '''登录今日头条操作'''
    try:
        # driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/cji").click()  # 点击【同意】
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/cji").click() # 点击【我知道了】
        driver.find_element_by_id("android:id/button1").click() # 点击权限管理-确定按钮
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("//android.widget.TabWidget/android.widget.RelativeLayout[@index=3]").click() # 点击未登录
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/a10").click() # 未登录页点击登录按钮
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/bgh").click() # 登录页点击“。。。”
        driver.find_element_by_xpath("//android.widget.LinearLayout[@index=4]").click() # 选择密码登录
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/bu").send_keys("xxxxxxxx")   # 输入账号
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/c5").send_keys("xxxxxxxx")   # 输入密码
        driver.find_element_by_id("com.ss.android.article.news:id/a2o").click() # 点击登录
    except Exception as e:
        print("登录错误,原因为:{}".format(e))
        # 报错时截图
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file(r'E:\blog\blog_script\images\test_login_error_01.png')
    else:
        toast_text = get_toast_text(driver)
        print(toast_text)
        toast_el = is_toast_exist(driver, "登录成功")
        print(toast_el)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = android_driver()
    login_opera(driver)

运行结果如下,说明定位该toast成功:

C:\Users\xiaoqq\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe E:/blog/blog_script/login_jrtt.py
登录成功
True

Process finished with exit code 0
posted @ 2020-09-21 15:54  给你一页白纸  阅读(720)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报