JAVA总结之一:SOCKET通信(代码篇)
前言:这是我第一次开始总结我的编程之路,那么就从socket通信开始吧,本片是我原引自网络总结篇文章,我觉得比较具体精炼,代码干练,是我想要总结的类型,因此就“借鉴”以自用。如果还有更好的我会继续总结,也当是我的继续学习啦。
——levy
一、SOCKET原理
1.什么是socket
所谓socket通常也称作"套接字",用于描述IP地址和端口,是一个通信链的句柄。应用程序通常通过"套接字"向网络发出请求或者应答网络请求。
以J2SDK-1.3为例,Socket和ServerSocket类库位于java.net包中。ServerSocket用于服务器端,Socket是建立网络连接时使用的。在连接成功时,应用程序两端都会产生一个Socket实例,操作这个实例,完成所需的会话。对于一个网络连接来说,套接字是平等的,并没有差别,不因为在服务器端或在客户端而产生不同级别。不管是Socket还是ServerSocket它们的工作都是通过SocketImpl类及其子类完成的。
2.重要的Socket API:
java.net.Socket继承于java.lang.Object,有八个构造器,其方法并不多,下面介绍使用最频繁的三个方法,其它方法大家可以见JDK-1.3文档。
. Accept方法用于产生"阻塞",直到接受到一个连接,并且返回一个客户端的Socket对象实例。"阻塞"是一个术语,它使程序运行暂时"停留"在这个地方,直到一个会话产生,然后程序继续;通常"阻塞"是由循环产生的。
. getInputStream方法获得网络连接输入,同时返回一个IutputStream对象实例,。
. getOutputStream方法连接的另一端将得到输入,同时返回一个OutputStream对象实例。
注意:其中getInputStream和getOutputStream方法均会产生一个IOException,它必须被捕获,因为它们返回的流对象,通常都会被另一个流对象使用。
3.如何开发一个Server-Client模型的程序
开发原理:
服务器,使用ServerSocket监听指定的端口,端口可以随意指定(由于1024以下的端口通常属于保留端口,在一些操作系统中不可以随意使用,所以建议使用大于1024的端口),等待客户连接请求,客户连接后,会话产生;在完成会话后,关闭连接。
客户端,使用Socket对网络上某一个服务器的某一个端口发出连接请求,一旦连接成功,打开会话;会话完成后,关闭Socket。客户端不需要指定打开的端口,通常临时的、动态的分配一个1024以上的端口。
二、建立模型
1.基本Server-Client模型
{建立服务器}
1: import java.net.*;
2: import java.io.*;
3:
4: public class Server {
5: private ServerSocket ss;
6: private Socket socket;
7: private BufferedReader in;
8: private PrintWriter out;
9:
10: public Server() {
11: try {
12: ss = new ServerSocket(10000);
13: //进入循环,这是由socket的特性决定的,进行循环监听
14: while (true) {
15: socket = ss.accept(); //accept() 监听方法
16: in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
17: out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
18:
19: String line = in.readLine();
20: out.println("you input is :" + line);
21: out.close();
22: in.close();
23: socket.close(); //socket流必须关闭!
24: }
25: ss.close();
26: } catch (IOException e) {}
27: }
28:
29: public static void main(String[] args) {
30: new Server();
31: }
32: }
这个程序建立了一个服务器,它一直监听10000端口,等待用户连接。在建立连接后给客户端返回一段信息,然后结束会话。这个程序一次只能接受一个客户连接。
{建立客户端}
1: import java.io.*;
2: import java.net.*;
3: public class Client {
4: Socket socket;
5: BufferedReader in;
6: PrintWriter out;
7: public Client() {
8: try {
9: socket = new Socket("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", 10000); //服务器地址和端口号
10: in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
11: out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
12: BufferedReader line = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
13: out.println(line.readLine());
14: line.close();
15: out.close();
16: in.close();
17: socket.close();
18: } catch (IOException e) {}
19: }
20: public static void main(String[] args) {
21: new Client();
22: }
23: }
这个客户端连接到地址为xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx的服务器,端口为10000,并从键盘输入一行信息,发送到服务器,然后接受服务器的返回信息,最后结束会话。
2.Serverd端多线程模型(解决多客户同时连接)
在实际的网络环境里,同一时间只对一个用户服务是不可行的。一个优秀的网络服务程序除了能处理用户的输入信息,还必须能够同时响应多个客户端的连接请求。在java中,实现以上功能特点是非常容易的。
设计原理:
主程序监听一端口,等待客户接入;同时构造一个线程类,准备接管会话。当一个Socket会话产生后,将这个会话交给线程处理,然后主程序继续监听。运用Thread类或Runnable接口来实现是不错的办法。
{实现消息共性}
1: import java.io.*;
2: import java.net.*;
3: public class Server extends ServerSocket {
4: private static final int SERVER_PORT = 10000;
5: public Server() throws IOException {
6: super(SERVER_PORT);
7: try {
8: while (true) {
9: Socket socket = accept();
10: new CreateServerThread(socket);
11: }
12: } catch (IOException e) {} finally {
13: close();
14: }
15: }
16: //--- CreateServerThread
17: class CreateServerThread extends Thread {
18: private Socket client;
19: private BufferedReader in;
20: private PrintWriter out;
21: public CreateServerThread(Socket s) throws IOException {
22: client = s;
23: in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream(), "GB2312"));
24: out = new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream(), true);
25: out.println("--- Welcome ---");
26: start();
27: }
28: public void run() {
29: try {
30: String line = in.readLine();
31: while (!line.equals("bye")) {
32: String msg = createMessage(line);
33: out.println(msg);
34: line = in.readLine();
35: }
36: out.println("--- See you, bye! ---");
37: client.close();
38: } catch (IOException e) {}
39: }
40: private String createMessage(String line) {
41: xxxxxxxxx;
42: }
43: }
44: public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
45: new Server();
46: }
47: }
这个程序监听10000端口,并将接入交给CreateServerThread线程运行。CreateServerThread线程接受输入,并将输入回应客户,直到客户输入"bye",线程结束。我们可以在createMessage方法中,对输入进行处理,并产生结果,然后把结果返回给客户。 第三步 实现信息共享:在Socket上的实时交流
2.信息共享模型
网络的伟大之一也是信息共享,Server可以主动向所有Client广播消息,同时Client也可以向其它Client发布消息。下面看看如何开发一个可以实时传递消息的程序。
设计原理:
服务器端接受客户端的连接请求,同时启动一个线程处理这个连接,线程不停的读取客户端输入,然后把输入加入队列中,等候处理。在线程启动的同时将线程加入队列中,以便在需要的时候定位和取出。
{源码}
1: import java.io.*;
2: import java.net.*;
3: import java.util.*;
4: import java.lang.*;
5: public class Server extends ServerSocket {
6: private static ArrayList User_List = new ArrayList();
7: private static ArrayList Threader = new ArrayList();
8: private static LinkedList Message_Array = new LinkedList();
9: private static int Thread_Counter = 0;
10: private static boolean isClear = true;
11: protected static final int SERVER_PORT = 10000;
12: protected FileOutputStream LOG_FILE = new FileOutputStream("d:/connect.log", true);
13: public Server() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
14: super(SERVER_PORT);
15: new Broadcast();
16: //append connection log
17: Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
18: String str = "[" + now.getTime().toString() + "] Accepted a connection\015\012";
19: byte[] tmp = str.getBytes();
20: LOG_FILE.write(tmp);
21: try {
22: while (true) {
23: Socket socket = accept();
24: new CreateServerThread(socket);
25: }
26: } finally {
27: close();
28: }
29: }
30: public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
31: new Server();
32: }
33: //--- Broadcast
34: class Broadcast extends Thread {
35: public Broadcast() {
36: start();
37: }
38: public void run() {
39: while (true) {
40: if (!isClear) {
41: String tmp = (String)Message_Array.getFirst();
42: for (int i = 0; i < Threader.size(); i++) {
43: CreateServerThread client = (CreateServerThread)Threader.get(i);
44: client.sendMessage(tmp);
45: }
46: Message_Array.removeFirst();
47: isClear = Message_Array.size() > 0 ? false : true;
48: }
49: }
50: }
51: }
52: //--- CreateServerThread
53: class CreateServerThread extends Thread {
54: private Socket client;
55: private BufferedReader in;
56: private PrintWriter out;
57: private String Username;
58: public CreateServerThread(Socket s) throws IOException {
59: client = s;
60: in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
61: out = new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream(), true);
62: out.println("--- Welcome to this chatroom ---");
63: out.println("Input your nickname:");
64: start();
65: }
66: public void sendMessage(String msg) {
67: out.println(msg);
68: }
69: public void run() {
70: try {
71: int flag = 0;
72: Thread_Counter++;
73: String line = in.readLine();
74: while (!line.equals("bye")) {
75: if (line.equals("l")) {
76: out.println(listOnlineUsers());
77: line = in.readLine();
78: continue;
79: }
80: if (flag++ == 0) {
81: Username = line;
82: User_List.add(Username);
83: out.println(listOnlineUsers());
84: Threader.add(this);
85: pushMessage("[< " + Username + " come on in >]");
86: } else {
87: pushMessage("<" + Username + ">" + line);
88: }
89: line = in.readLine();
90: }
91: out.println("--- See you, bye! ---");
92: client.close();
93: } catch (IOException e) {} finally {
94: try {
95: client.close();
96: } catch (IOException e) {}
97: Thread_Counter--;
98: Threader.remove(this);
99: User_List.remove(Username);
100: pushMessage("[< " + Username + " left>]");
101: }
102: }
103: private String listOnlineUsers() {
104: String s ="-+- Online list -+-\015\012";
105: for (int i = 0; i < User_List.size(); i++) {
106: s += "[" + User_List.get(i) + "]\015\012";
107: }
108: s += "-+---------------------+-";
109: return s;
110: }
111: private void pushMessage(String msg) {
112: Message_Array.addLast(msg);
113: isClear = false;
114: }
115: }
116: }
这就是程序运行后,多用户登陆并且输入信息后的屏幕。实现了信息的实时广播。用户输入"l"就可以列出在线人员表。
三、整体直观代码块(socket模型)
{客户端socket类}
1: import java.io.*;
2: import java.net.*;
3:
4: public class NovelClient {
5:
6:
7: private ObjectOutputStream output;
8: private ObjectInputStream input;
9: private Socket socket;
10: private Object o;
11:
12:
13: /**
14: * socket流声明
15: */
16: public NovelClient(){
17: try {
18: InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
19: String ip=addr.getHostAddress().toString();
20: socket=new Socket(ip,8000);
21: } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
22: e.printStackTrace();
23: } catch (IOException e) {
24: e.printStackTrace();
25: }
26: }
27:
28: public Object sendAndRead(Object o){
29: try {
30: output=new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
31: output.writeObject(o);
32: output.flush();
33: input=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
34: o=(Object) input.readObject();
35: } catch (IOException e) {
36: e.printStackTrace();
37: } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
38: e.printStackTrace();
39: }finally{
40: output.close();
41: input.close();
42: }
43: return o;
44: }
{服务器端socket类}
1:
2: import java.io.IOException;
3: import java.net.ServerSocket;
4: import java.net.Socket;
5: /**
6: * Socket Class
7: * @author oracle
8: *
9: */
10: public class Server {
11:
12: private static ServerSocket serversocket;
13: private static Socket scoket;
14:
15: public static void serverStart(){
16: try {
17: serversocket =new ServerSocket(7566);
18: System.out.println("server start...");
19: while(true){
20: scoket=serversocket.accept();
21: ServerThread serverthread=new ServerThread(scoket);
22: Thread thread=new Thread(serverthread);
23: thread.start();
24: }
25: } catch (IOException e) {
26: e.printStackTrace();
27: }
28: }
29:
30: public static void main(String []args){
31: Server.serverStart();
32: }
33:
34: }
{服务器端线程类}
1: import java.io.*;
2: import java.net.Socket;
3:
4: public class ServerThread implements Runnable {
5:
6: private Socket socket;
7: private ObjectInputStream in;
8: private ObjectOutputStream out;
9: private Objecet o;
10:
11: public ServerThread (Socket socket) {
12: this.socket=socket;
13: }
14:
15: @Override
16: public void run() {
17: serverThread();
18: }
19:
20: private void serverThread() {
21:
22: try {
23: in=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
24: o=(Object) in.readObject();
25:
26: out=new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
27: out.writeObject(o);
28: out.flush();
29: } catch (IOException e) {
30: e.printStackTrace();
31: } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
32: e.printStackTrace();
33: }
34: }
35: }
声明:最后这个是我自己写的,为了以后理解时候用的。