linux安装mysql教程

一. 下载mysql

方法一:官网下载

1. 下载地址:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

2. 选择对应的系统和版本,下载

方法二,直接命令下载:

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

二. 安装准备

1. 查看系统是否已安装mysql,如有会显示对应的mysql(类似mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64)

rpm -qa | grep mysql

2. 卸载已安装的mysql

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64  // 普通删除模式
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64  // 强力删除模式,如果使用上面命令删除时,提示有依赖的其它文件,则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除

3. 查看是否已安装mariadb 数据库,有则卸载

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

三. 安装mysql

1. 将下载好的安装包放到/opt/mysql目录下,进入目录,解压文件并重命名

cd /opt/mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.25

 

 2. 添加系统mysql组和mysql用户

cat /etc/group | grep mysql

cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql

 3. 没有则创建用户和组,如图,代表成功,useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户,不可用于登录系统

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

 4.  创建data目录,并将/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25的所有者及所属组改为mysql

mkdir /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data

chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25

 5. 在/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/support-files目录下创建my_default.cnf

touch /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/support-files/my_default.cnf

vi /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/support-files/my_default.cnf

 1 # For advice on how to change settings please see
 2 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 3 # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
 4 # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
 5 # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
 6  
 7  
 8 [mysqld]
 9 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 
10  
11 basedir = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25
12 datadir = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data
13 port = 3306
14 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
15 character-set-server=utf8
16  
17 log-error = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data/mysqld.log
18 pid-file = /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data/mysqld.pid

:wq 保存退出

6. 复制文档为/etc/my.cnf

cp support-files/my_default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

7. 初始化mysqld,初始化语句的目录根据自己创建的目录修改

cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25

./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data/

8. 查看初始化日志,是否显示了临时密码

cat /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/data/mysqld.log

 9. 把启动脚本放到开机初始化目录

cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25/

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

10. 启动mysql服务

service mysql start

 11.登录mysql,密码为初始密码

./bin/mysql -u root -p

12. 修改密码

mysql> set password=password('123456');
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;

13. 添加远程访问权限,其中“%”表示允许所有机器能访问root用户

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

报 ERROR 1062 (23000)的原因可以根据查询语句发现host已经有%,所以直接执行flush privileges;

14. 重启mysql 生效

service mysql restart

四. 配置环境变量

1. 修改/etc/profile文件

vim /etc/profile

2. 末尾输入如下语句,:wq保存退出

MYSQL_HOME=/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.25(mysql的安装路径)
PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
export PATH MYSQL_HOME

3. 重新加载配置文件

source /etc/profile

 

posted on 2020-09-15 15:43  公元12956  阅读(279)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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