程序的本质就是语句的集合,只不过按照顺序进行排列了而已。
语句包含表达式,表达式包含代码,程序由语句组成。
interpreter,解释器;compiler,编译器;他们的职责就是将对人友好的语句翻译成计算机能够理解的指令。
区别
解释器:程序开始运行,由上到下,一行一行执行(点了菜,开始做菜,需等待一段时间才能吃上)
编译器:程序还没执行,已经翻译成了计算机指令(还没点菜,菜已经做好,点了菜立马能吃上)
常见的编程语言执行过程:
JavaScript,python 解释器
Java,C,C++ 编译器
浏览器中使用console来书写并执行js代码,换行为shift+enter,enter即执行代码。
在address bar输入about:blank来进行练习是一个好的习惯!
coding(敲代码)是学习编程最好的方式。
snippet 片段
输出:
学习建议使用console.log()语句,其中,console.是对象引用(object reference),log()是函数调用(function call)。
输入:
使用prompt(...)函数
传入prompt()的信息将会在弹窗(popup)中打印出来。
例如:
age = prompt("please tell me your age: "); console.log(age); VM187:2 22
用户输入的信息将会赋值给age变量,然后通过console.log(...);语句打印出来。
Operators
* 乘法操作符
= 分配(assign)操作符,先计算=右边的表达式,然后将值赋给=左边的变量,这种操作的方式可能与通常的习惯相反,只能慢慢习惯他了。
Here are some of the most common operators in JavaScript: Assignment: = as in a = 2. Math: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), and / (division), as in a * 3. Compound Assignment: +=, -=, *=, and /= are compound operators that combine a math operation with assignment, as in a += 2 (same as a = a + 2). Increment/Decrement: ++ (increment), -- (decrement), as in a++ (similar to a = a + 1). Object Property Access: . as in console.log(). Objects are values that hold other values at specific named locations called properties. obj.a means an object value called obj with a property of the name a. Properties can alternatively be accessed as obj["a"]. See Chapter 2. Equality: == (loose-equals), === (strict-equals), != (loose not-equals), !== (strict not-equals), as in a == b. See "Values & Types" and Chapter 2. Comparison: < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or loose-equals), >= (greater than or loose-equals), as in a <= b. See "Values & Types" and Chapter 2. Logical: && (and), || (or), as in a || b that selects either a or b. These operators are used to express compound conditionals (see "Conditionals"), like if either a or b is true.
直接写在源代码中的值又叫做文字(literal)。
转换字符串为数字:
c = Number(b)
32
转化数字为字符串:
c = String(3)
"3"comment(注释;评论)
JavaScript的变量是属于动态类型,也就是说可以包含任何类型的值。
implicitly coerce 暗中强制
constants 常量
a = 32.2341
32.2341
console.log(a.toFixed(3))
VM293:1 32.234
undefined
toFixed(...)保留3位小数。
const TAX_RATE = 0.08;
var amount = 99.99;
ES6中采用const来声明常量
{...}区块,后面不需要接分号;
loop 循环
函数 代码section段
multiple 多
函数有范围这个概念,范围可以嵌套,比如范围A包括范围B,B可以使用A中的变量,但是A不能使用B中的变量。
内部可以访问外部,外部不能访问内部。
Only values have types in JavaScript; variables are just simple containers for those values.
变量只是个容器,变量是没有类型这一说法的!变量包含的值才有类型。
a = null;
null
typeof a
"object"
javascript的value types有以下七种:
字符串、数字、布尔、undefined、null、object、symbol
Built-in Type Methodswrapper forms 封装形式
The specific list of "falsy" values in JavaScript is as follows: "" (empty string) 0, -0, NaN (invalid number) null, undefined false Any value that's not on this "falsy" list is "truthy." Here are some examples of those: "hello" 42 true [ ], [ 1, "2", 3 ] (arrays) { }, { a: 42 } (objects) function foo() { .. } (functions)
reserved words 保留字
strict mode可以向下继承,但是不能向上继承。
"use strict"
不能省略var关键字
执行函数的第二种方式
(function IIFE(){
console.log( "Hello!" );
})();
closure 闭合
this不是指向函数本身,他是指向一个对象。