(三)Hive数仓之DML操作
数据导入到hive(Load)
语法:
hive> load data [local] inpath '/filePath/filename.txt' [overwrite] into table tableName [partition (partcol1=val1,…)];
释义:
load data:表示加载数据
local:表示从本地加载数据到hive表;否则从HDFS加载数据到hive表
inpath:表示加载数据的路径
overwrite:表示覆盖表中已有数据,否则表示追加
into table:表示加载到哪张表
tableName :表示具体的表
partition:表示上传到指定分区
1 创建一张表
hive (default)> create table student(id string, name string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
加载本地文件到hive
hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' into table default.student;
加载HDFS文件到hive
hive (default)> dfs -put /opt/module/datas/student.txt /user/emo/hive;
加载HDFS上数据到hive
load data inpath '/user/emo/hive/student.txt' into table default.student;
加载数据并覆盖表中已有的数据
load data inpath '/user/emo/hive/student.txt' overwrite into table default.student;
2 通过查询语句向表中插入数据(Insert)
hive (default)> create table student(id int, name string) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';
基本模式插入数据
hive (default)> insert into table student partition(month='201709') values(1,'wangwu');
基本模式插入(根据单张表查询结果)
hive (default)> insert overwrite table student partition(month='201708') select id, name from student where month='201709';
多插入模式(根据多张表查询结果)
hive (default)> from student
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201707')
select id, name where month='201709'
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201706')
select id, name where month='201709';
3 查询语句中创建表并加载数据(As Select)
create table if not exists student3 as select id, name from student;
4 创建表时通过Location指定加载数据路径(hdfs路径)
hive (default)> create table if not exists student5(
id int, name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
location '/user/hive/warehouse/student5';
上传数据到hdfs上
hive (default)> dfs -put /opt/module/datas/student.txt /user/hive/warehouse/student5;
5 Import数据到指定Hive表中
导入:
hive (default)> import table student2 partition(month='201709') from '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
6 数据导出
insert导出之将查询的结果导出到本地
hive (default)> insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student' select * from student;
insert导出之将查询的结果格式化导出到本地
hive(default)>insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student1' ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' select * from student;
insert导出之将查询的结果导出到HDFS上(没有local)
hive (default)> insert overwrite directory '/user/emo/student2'
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
select * from student;
Hadoop命令导出到本地
hive (default)> dfs -get /user/hive/warehouse/student/month=201709/000000_0 /opt/module/datas/export/student3.txt;
Hive Shell 命令导出
基本语法:(hive -f/-e 执行语句或者脚本 > file)
[emo@hadoop02 hive]$ bin/hive -e 'select * from default.student;' > /opt/module/datas/export/student4.txt;
Export导出到HDFS上
hive (default)> export table default.student to '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
7 清除表中数据(Truncate只能删除管理表,不能删除外部表中数据)
hive (default)> truncate table student;
[学习整理的笔记,欢迎一起讨论进步。]