C++——字符串处理

11、用字符数组存储和处理字符串

字符数组的声明和引用  字符串:

字符串常量 “china”,没有字符串变量,用字符数组来存放字符串,字符串以‘\0’结束。

字符串数组的初始化:

 

逐个输出输入字符串;

将整个字符串一次输入输出;

输出字符不包含\0;

输出字符串时用数组名,遇到\0结束;

输入多个字符串以空格分隔,输入单个字符串时期中不能有空格

 

static char str[8]={112,114,111,103,114,97,109,0};
static char str[8]={'p','r','o','g','r','a','m','\0'};
static char str[8]="program";
static char str[]="program";

 

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

         static char c[10]=

         {'I',' ','a','m',' ','a',' ','b','o','y'};  //一维字符数组的声明和初始化

         int i;

         for(i=0;i<10;i++)    //逐个输出字符数组的元素

                            cout<<c[i];

         cout<<endl;

}//I’m a boy

//输出一个钻石图形

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{        //二维字符数组的声明和初始化,未被初始化的元素初始值为0

         static char diamond[][5]={{' ',' ','*'},{' ','*',' ','*'}, {'*',' ',' ',' ','*'},{' ','*',' ','*'}, {' ',' ','*'}};

         int i,j;

         for (i=0;i<5;i++)      //逐个输出二维字符数组的元素

         { 

                            for(j=0;j<5 && diamond[i][j]!=0;j++)

                                     cout<<diamond[i][j]; 

                            cout<<endl;

         }

}

cin读取单词的时候遇到空格跳过;不能给数组名赋值,数组名时常量;

cin.getline(字符数组名st,字符个数N,结束符)

cin.get (字符数组名st,字符个数N,结束符)

一次连续读入多个字符,可以包括空格,直到读满N个,或者遇到结束符(默认为\n),读入的字符串存放在st中。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void main (void)

{        char city[80];

         char state[80];

         int  i;

         for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)

         { cin.getline(city,80,',');

           cin.getline(state,80,'\n');

           cout<<"City: "<<city<<"   State: "
      <<state<<endl;

         }

}

Beijing,China

City: Beijing   Country: China

Shanghai,China

City: Shanghai   Country: China

字符串处理函数strcat(连接),strcpy(复制),strcmp(比较),strlen(求长度), strlwr(转换为小写),strupr(转换为大写),头文件<cstring>

C++中用字符数组处理字符串有很多不方便,我们可以使用string类,

#include <string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std ;

void trueFalse(int x)//辅助函数

{cout << (x? "True": "False") << endl;}

int main()

{        string S1="DEF",  S2="123";

         char CP1[]="ABC";

         char CP2[]="DEF";

         cout << "S1 is " << S1 << endl;

         cout << "S2 is " << S2 << endl;

         cout<<"length of S2:"<<S2.length()<<endl;

         cout << "CP1 is " << CP1 << endl;

         cout << "CP2 is " << CP2 << endl;

         cout << "S1<=CP1 returned ";

         trueFalse(S1<=CP1);

         cout << "CP2<=S1 returned ";

         trueFalse(CP2<=S1);

         S2+=S1;

         cout<<"S2=S2+S1:"<<S2<<endl;

         cout<<"length of S2:"<<S2.length()<<endl;

}

posted @ 2019-01-08 11:32  lemaden  阅读(412)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报