ansible笔记第二章（ansible-varable变量）
（1）变量类型
1.1在playbook文件中的play使用变量
[root@m01 project1]# cat vars_1.yml
- hosts: oldboy
vars:
- web_packages: httpd-2.4.6
- ftp_packages: vsftpd-3.0.2
tasks:
- name: Installed {{ web_packages }} {{ ftp_packages }}
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
1.2.通过定义一个变量文件,然后使用playbook进行调用
[root@m01 project1]# cat vars_public.yml
web_packages: httpd-2.4.6
ftp_packages: vsftpd-3.0.2
[root@m01 project1]# cat vars_1.yml
- hosts: oldboy
vars_files: ./vars_public.yml
tasks:
- name: Installed {{ web_packages }} {{ ftp_packages }}
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
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2.通过inventory主机清单进行变量定义
在项目目录下创建两个变量的目录,host_vars group_vars
#1）在当前的项目目录中创建两个变量的目录
[root@ansible project1]# mkdir host_vars
[root@ansible project1]# mkdir group_vars
#2）在group_vars目录中创建一个文件，文件名与inventory清单中的组名称要保持完全一致。
[root@ansible project1]# cat group_vars/oldboy
web_packages: wget
ftp_packages: tree
#3）编写playbook，只需在playbook文件中使用变量即可。
[root@ansible project1]# cat f4.yml
- hosts: oldboy
tasks:
- name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
注意: 默认情况下,group_vars目录中文件名与hosts清单中的组名保持一致.
比如在group_vars目录中创建了oldboy组的变量,其他组是无法使用oldboy组的变量
系统提供了一个特殊组,all,只需要在group_vars目录下建立一个all文件,编写好变量,所有组都可使用.
#---------------------hosts_vars----------------
#1）在host_vars目录中创建一个文件，文件名与inventory清单中的主机名称要保持完全一致
[root@ansible project1]# cat hosts
[oldboy]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
#2）在host_vars目录中创建文件，给172.16.1.7主机定义变量
[root@ansible project1]# cat host_vars/172.16.1.7
web_packages: zlib-static
ftp_packages: zmap
#3）准备一个playbook文件调用host主机变量
[root@ansible project1]# cat f4.yml
- hosts: 172.16.1.7
tasks:
- name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
- hosts: 172.16.1.8
tasks:
- name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
host_vars 特殊的变量目录,针对单个主机进行变量.
group_vars 特殊的变量目录,针对inventory主机清单中的组进行变量定义. 对A组定义的变量 B组无法调用
group_vars/all 特殊的变量文件,可以针对所有的主机组定义变量.
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3.通过执行playbook时使用-e参数指定变量
[root@m01 project1]# cat vars_7.yml
- hosts: "{{ hosts }}" #注意:这是一个变量名称
tasks:
- name: Install Rpm Packages "{{ web_packages }}" "{{ ftp_packages }}"
yum:
name:
- "{{ web_packages }}"
- "{{ ftp_packages }}"
state: present
[root@m01 project1]# #ansible-playbook -i hosts vars_7.yml -e "hosts=oldboy"
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（2）变量优先级
外置传参--->playbook(vars_files--->vars)--->inventory(host_vars-->group_vars/group_name--->group_vars-all)
（3）register注册（输出shell的结果用debug模块）
将shell:ps aux|grep httpd 的结果值赋予给check_httpd，再用debug模块获取check_httpd里想要的值赋予给msg进行输出，示例如下：
- hosts: oldboy
tasks:
- name: Installed Httpd Server
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: Service Httpd Server
service: name=httpd state=started
- name: Check Httpd Server
shell: ps aux|grep httpd
register: check_httpd
- name: OutPut Variables
debug:
msg: "{{ check_httpd.stdout_lines }}"
（4）ansible facts变量
用来采集被控端的状态指标,比如: IP地址 主机名称 cpu信息 内存 等等
默认情况的facts变量名都已经预先定义好了, 只需要采集被控端的信息,然后传递至facts变量即可.
# ansible 172.16.1.8 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memtotal_mb" -i hosts
