Linux_yum工具的使用
yum工具的使用
1. rpm的弊端
当用rpm安装软件时，若遇到有依赖关系的软件，必须先安装依赖的软件才能继续安装我们要安装的软件，当依赖关系很复杂的情况下，这种安装方式就很让人头疼
2. yum的优劣势
- yum最大的优势就是能够解决rpm的依赖问题，yum能够自动解决软件安装时的依赖关系
- yum的缺陷就是如果在未完成安装的情况下强行中止安装过程，下次再安装时将无法解决依赖关系
dnf是redhat7上用来代替yum的一个工具，其存在的意义就是处理yum的缺陷，但其用法与yum是完全一样的，甚至连选项都是一样的，你可以理解为dnf就是yum。
3. 什么是yum及其作用
- yum 是“yellow dogUpdate Modifiled ”的简称
- 它能够实现rpm管理的所有操作，并能够自动解决各rpm包之间的依赖关系。yum是rpm的前端工具，是基于rpm来实现软件的管理的一个工具。
4. 挂载光盘
- 在虚拟机中连接镜像
- 执行挂载命令
演示如下：
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt //用mount挂载到mnt中
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only. //显示只读
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/ //查看mnt下的文件
AppStream EULA images RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
BaseOS extra_files.json isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EFI GPL media.repo TRANS.TBL
[root@localhost ~]#
5. yum的工作原理
yum的工作是由两个部分来合作：
- 第一个部分是yum服务器
- 第二个部分就是client的yum工具
软件仓库是用来放软件包的
提供别人下载的方式有三种：
- http 通过网页
- ftp 通过分享
- file 通过本地
查看内核的版本号 // 这里用的是RedHat8.2
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
6. yum的配置文件
- 配置文件有哪些：
- /etc/yum.conf 作用：为所有仓库提供公共配置
注意：一般情况不要修改这个文件 - /etc/yum.repo.d/abc.repo 作用：为仓库的指向提供配置
注意：这里abc.repo只是举例，文件名可以任意修改但是后面要跟上 .repo后缀
- /etc/yum.conf 作用：为所有仓库提供公共配置
- yum的repo配置文件中可用的变量:
- $releaseversion：当前OS的发行版的主版本号
- $arch：平台类型
- $basearch：基础平台
为yum定义repo文件
[Repo_Name]:仓库名称
name：描述信息 //如果有2个仓库写的东西不能一样
baseurl：仓库的具体路径，接受一下三种类型
ftp：//
http：//
file：/// //前面两个左斜杠表示协议，本地的意思；后面的一个左斜杠表示系统根目录
enable：可选值{1|0}，1为启用此仓库，0为禁止此仓库
gpgcheck：可选值{1|0}，1为检查软件包来源合法性，o为不检查来源
如果gpgcheck设为1，则必须用gpgcheck定义密钥文件的具体路径
gpgkey=/PATH/TO/KEY //gpgkey=key的位置
查看一下yum.conf配置文件 // 这里是RedHat8.2
- 注意：一般来说不修改下面的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf
[main]
gpgcheck=1 //默认检查软件包合法来源
installonly_limit=3 //同时只能装三个
clean_requirements_on_remove=True //删除的时候清理它需要的包
best=True
skip_if_unavailable=False //如果不可用就报错
~
7. yum仓库管理
本地仓库和网路仓库是不能共存的，本地仓库的软件是固定的，网络仓库的软件是实时更新的，否则会有冲突
7.1 yum本地仓库
- 挂载光盘
- 复制光盘内容到yum服务器
- 挂载光盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]#
- 在根目录下创建yum_local的目录，把mnt下的文件拷贝到yum_local里
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /yum_local
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /yum_local/
[root@localhost ~]#
- 配置repo文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi redhat.repo
[BaseOS] //第一个
name=BaseOS //描述，区分大小写
baseurl=file:///yum_local/BaseOS //地址
gpgcheck=0 //光盘只读所以不用检查软件包来源
enabled=1 //开机自启
[AppStream] //第二个
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///yum_local/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
- 清空yum本地缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
12 files removed
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
- 检查yum本地仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list all
redland.i686 1.0.17-14.el8 AppStream
redland.x86_64 1.0.17-14.el8 AppStream
rest.i686 0.8.1-2.el8 AppStream
rest.x86_64 0.8.1-2.el8 AppStream
rhel-system-roles.noarch 1.0-10.el8_1 AppStream
rhn-custom-info.noarch 5.4.42-4.module+el8.1.0+3115+d1f204ad AppStream
rhn-setup-gnome.x86_64 2.8.16-13.module+el8.1.0+3455+3ddf2832 AppStream
7.2 yum网络仓库
- 官方yum仓库（国外）
- 阿里云yum仓库
- 163yum仓库
- xx大学yum仓库 //清华yum源 中科大yun源
- epel源
- 从上面推荐的网站上搜索你想要的镜像 //这里用的是阿里云中镜像的下载地址
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.os-8.repo //复制的镜像下载地址用curl命令下载到本地
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2595 100 2595 0 0 4796 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4787
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls //查看，镜像已经下载到本地
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncsd' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
- 编辑下载到本地的CentOS-Base.repo文件 //使用vim命令（%s/$releasever/8/g） 把这个配置文件里 $releasever替换成8
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for C
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you c
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Offi
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Offi
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packa
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-8 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/centosplus/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Offi
[PowerTools]
name=CentOS-8 - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/PowerTools/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Offi
[AppStream]
name=CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/AppStream/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Off
- 用dnf清空yum本地缓存
[root@localhost ~]# dnf clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management to register.
12 files removed
- 检查yum本地仓库
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all
rsyslog-gssapi.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-kafka.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mmaudit.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mmjsonparse.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mmkubernetes.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mmnormalize.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mmsnmptrapd.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-pgsql.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-relp.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rsyslog-snmp.x86_64 8.1911.0-3.el8 AppStream
rtkit.x86_64 0.11-19.el8 AppStream
8. yum管理软件
8.1 yum命令用法
yum [options] [command] [package...] //yum跟上选项和子命令加包的名字
8.2 常用的options：
--nogpgcheck //如果从网上下载包有时会检查gpgkey，此时可以使用此命令跳过gpgkey的检查
-y //自动回答为"yes"
-q //静默模式，安装时不输出信息至标准输出
--disablerepo=repoidglob //临时禁用此处指定的repo
--enablerepo=repoidglob //临时启用此处指定的repo
--noplugins //禁用所有插件
以下都用dnf命令做演示
- 自动回答“yes”进行安装
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install zsh
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:25 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:22:05 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
zsh x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 BaseOS 2.9 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 2.9 M
Installed size: 7.2 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
- 静默模式，不显示任何安装信息
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e zsh //先卸载zsh
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y -q install zsh //静默安装
[root@localhost ~]# echo $? //查看是否安装成功
0 //显示0代表成功，其他则失败；成功的路只有一条，失败的路千万条
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep zsh
zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 //安装成功
[root@localhost ~]#
8.3 常用的command
list //列表
all //默认项
available //列出仓库中有的，但尚未安装的所有可用的包
installed //列出已经安装的包
updates //可用的升级
clean //清理缓存
packages
headers
metadata
dbcache
all
repolist //显示repo列表及其简要信息
all
enabled //默认项
disabled
install //安装
yum install packages [...]
update //升级
yum update packages [...]
update_to //升级为指定版本
downgrade package1 [package2 ...] //降级
remove|erase //卸载
info //显示rpm -qi package的结果
yum info packages
provides|whatprovides //查看指定的文件或特性是由哪个包安装生成的
search string1 [string2 ...] //以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息
deplist package [package2 ...] //显示指定包的依赖关系
history //查看yum的历史事务信息
localinstall //安装本地rpm包，自动解决依赖关系
grouplist //列出可用的组
groupinstall "group name" //安装一组软件
createrepo命令 //创建yum仓库的元数据信息
演示如下：
list命令
- installed //列出已安装的包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep zsh
zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list installed|grep zsh //
zsh.x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 @BaseOS
[root@localhost ~]#
- available //列出未安装的包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep zsh
zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list available|grep zsh
zsh-html.noarch 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 AppStream
[root@localhost ~]#
- updates //升级
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list updates
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:36:36 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:22:05 AM CST.
[root@localhost ~]#
clean命令
all //清理全部
[root@localhost ~]# dnf clean all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
12 files removed
[root@localhost ~]#
repolist命令
- repolist //显示repo列表及其简要信息
[root@localhost ~]# dnf repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name
AppStream AppStream
BaseOS BaseOS
- enabled | disabled//默认项
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi redhat.repo //修改一下BaseOS的enable方便演示下面命令
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///yum_local/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0 //把enbaled设置为0
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///yum_local/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist disabled //查看不能用的仓库
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name
BaseOS BaseOS
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist enabled //查看可以用的仓库
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name
AppStream AppStream
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all //查看所有的
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name status
AppStream AppStream enabled
BaseOS BaseOS disabled
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
install命令
dnf -y install //安装时自动回答yes
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install zsh wget vim
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
BaseOS 90 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:00
AppStream 105 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 1.4 M
wget x86_64 1.19.5-8.el8_1.1 AppStream 735 k
zsh x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 BaseOS 2.9 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-15.el8 AppStream 39 k
vim-common x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 6.3 M
vim-filesystem noarch 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 48 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================
Install 6 Packages
Total size: 11 M
Installed size: 41 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 1/6
Installing : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 2/6
Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 3/6
Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 3/6
Installing : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 4/6
Installing : wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 5/6
Running scriptlet: wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 5/6
Installing : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 5/6
Verifying : wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 6/6
Installed products updated.
Installed:
gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64
vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
remove|erase //卸载
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y remove zsh
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================
Removing:
zsh x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 @BaseOS 7.2 M
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Freed space: 7.2 M
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Erasing : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
Removed:
zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
info /显示rpm -qi packages的结果
[root@localhost ~]# dnf info wget
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:25 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:04 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name : wget
Version : 1.19.5
Release : 8.el8_1.1
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 2.9 M
Source : wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : AppStream
Summary : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
URL : http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/
License : GPLv3+
Description : GNU Wget is a file retrieval utility which can use either the HTTP or
: FTP protocols. Wget features include the ability to work in the
: background while you are logged out, recursive retrieval of
: directories, file name wildcard matching, remote file timestamp
: storage and comparison, use of Rest with FTP servers and Range with
: HTTP servers to retrieve files over slow or unstable connections,
: support for Proxy servers, and configurability.
[root@localhost ~]#
provides|whatprovides //查看指定的文件或特性是由哪个包安装生成
[root@localhost ~]# dnf provides *bin/ls //不确定ls在什么位置所以加*号
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:22:52 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:04 PM CST.
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
coreutils-single-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : coreutils multicall binary
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]# dnf whatprovides *bin/ls
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:26:23 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:04 PM CST.
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
coreutils-single-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : coreutils multicall binary
Repo : BaseOS
Matched from:
Provide : /bin/ls
[root@localhost ~]#
search string1 [string2 ...] //以指定的关键字搜索程序及summary信息
[root@localhost ~]# dnf search wget
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:28:08 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:04 PM CST.
================================= Name Exactly Matched: wget ==================================
wget.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
[root@localhost ~]# dnf search zsh
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:28:19 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:04 PM CST.
================================== Name Exactly Matched: zsh ==================================
zsh.x86_64 : Powerful interactive shell //第一个包
================================= Name & Summary Matched: zsh =================================
zsh-html.noarch : Zsh shell manual in html format //第二个包
[root@localhost ~]#
deplist package [package2 ...] //显示指定包的依赖关系
[root@localhost ~]# dnf deplist wget
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:12 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
package: wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64
dependency: /bin/sh
provider: bash-4.4.19-10.el8.x86_64
dependency: /sbin/install-info
provider: info-6.5-6.el8.x86_64
dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
provider: glibc-2.28-101.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgnutls.so.30()(64bit)
provider: gnutls-3.6.8-9.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgnutls.so.30(GNUTLS_3_4)(64bit)
provider: gnutls-3.6.8-9.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgnutls.so.30(GNUTLS_3_6_3)(64bit)
provider: gnutls-3.6.8-9.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgpgme.so.11()(64bit)
provider: gpgme-1.10.0-6.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgpgme.so.11(GPGME_1.0)(64bit)
provider: gpgme-1.10.0-6.el8.x86_64
dependency: libgpgme.so.11(GPGME_1.1)(64bit)
provider: gpgme-1.10.0-6.el8.x86_64
dependency: libidn2.so.0()(64bit)
provider: libidn2-2.2.0-1.el8.x86_64
dependency: libidn2.so.0(IDN2_0.0.0)(64bit)
provider: libidn2-2.2.0-1.el8.x86_64
dependency: libmetalink.so.3()(64bit)
provider: libmetalink-0.1.3-7.el8.x86_64
dependency: libnettle.so.6()(64bit)
provider: nettle-3.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
dependency: libnettle.so.6(NETTLE_6)(64bit)
provider: nettle-3.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
dependency: libpsl.so.5()(64bit)
provider: libpsl-0.20.2-5.el8.x86_64
dependency: libuuid.so.1()(64bit)
provider: libuuid-2.32.1-22.el8.x86_64
dependency: libuuid.so.1(UUID_1.0)(64bit)
provider: libuuid-2.32.1-22.el8.x86_64
dependency: libz.so.1()(64bit)
provider: zlib-1.2.11-13.el8.x86_64
dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc-2.28-101.el8.i686
provider: glibc-2.28-101.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
history //查看yum的历史事务信息
[root@localhost ~]# dnf history
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 | -y remove zsh | 2020-12-01 12:56 | Removed | 1
4 | -y install zsh wget vim | 2020-12-01 12:53 | Install | 6 <
3 | -y -q install zsh | 2020-12-01 00:35 | Install | 1 ><
2 | -y install zsh | 2020-12-01 00:24 | Install | 1 >
1 | | 2020-11-28 15:04 | Install | 420 EE
[root@localhost ~]#
history info //查看某一条的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# dnf history
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 | -y remove zsh | 2020-12-01 12:56 | Removed | 1
4 | -y install zsh wget vim | 2020-12-01 12:53 | Install | 6 <
3 | -y -q install zsh | 2020-12-01 00:35 | Install | 1 ><
2 | -y install zsh | 2020-12-01 00:24 | Install | 1 >
1 | | 2020-11-28 15:04 | Install | 420 EE
[root@localhost ~]# dnf history info 4 //后面加上info和你想看的第几条命令
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Transaction ID : 4
Begin time : Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:08 PM CST
Begin rpmdb : 417:3d3b11ecfb8c229d0915cef350b906880c4b8bbb
End time : Tue 01 Dec 2020 12:53:18 PM CST (10 seconds)
End rpmdb : 423:15f529b46ad1dc8cd0ed944f727c8a0e03f259ce
User : root <root>
Return-Code : Success
Releasever : 8
Command Line : -y install zsh wget vim
Packages Altered:
Install zsh-5.5.1-6.el8_1.2.x86_64 @BaseOS
Install gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 @AppStream
Install vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 @AppStream
Install vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 @AppStream
Install vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch @AppStream
Install wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 @AppStream
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4 具体实例
8.4.1 搜索软件包
- 列出软件仓库中可用的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
rpm-plugin-ima.x86_64 4.14.2-37.el8 BaseOS
rpm-plugin-prioreset.x86_64 4.14.2-37.el8 BaseOS
rpm-plugin-syslog.x86_64 4.14.2-37.el8 BaseOS
rpm-sign.x86_64 4.14.2-37.el8 BaseOS
rpmdevtools.noarch 8.10-7.el8 AppStream
rpmemd.x86_64 1.6.1-1.el8 AppStream
rpmlint.noarch 1.10-13.2.el8 AppStream
rrdtool.i686 1.7.0-16.el8 AppStream
rrdtool.x86_64 1.7.0-16.el8 AppStream
rrdtool-perl.x86_64 1.7.0-16.el8 AppStream
rsync.x86_64 3.1.3-7.el8 BaseOS
rsync-daemon.noarch 3.1.3-7.el8 BaseOS
- 进行模糊查找
[root@localhost ~]# yum list|grep ftp //过滤ftp
ftp.x86_64 0.17-78.el8 AppStream
lftp.i686 4.8.4-1.el8 AppStream
lftp.x86_64 4.8.4-1.el8 AppStream
lftp-scripts.noarch 4.8.4-1.el8 AppStream
python3-requests-ftp.noarch 0.3.1-11.el8 AppStream
syslinux-tftpboot.noarch 6.04-4.el8 BaseOS
tftp.x86_64 5.2-24.el8 AppStream
tftp-server.x86_64 5.2-24.el8 AppStream
vsftpd.x86_64 3.0.3-31.el8 AppStream
- 列出软件包详情
[root@localhost ~]# yum info ftp
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:45:30 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Available Packages
Name : ftp
Version : 0.17
Release : 78.el8
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 70 k
Source : ftp-0.17-78.el8.src.rpm
Repository : AppStream
Summary : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client
URL : ftp://ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/Networking/netkit
License : BSD with advertising
Description : The ftp package provides the standard UNIX command-line FTP (File
: Transfer Protocol) client. FTP is a widely used protocol for
: transferring files over the Internet and for archiving files.
:
: If your system is on a network, you should install ftp in order to do
: file transfers.
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.2 安装软件包
- 安装软件只需要给出软件名称
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install tree
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:50 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 02:43:18 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.7.0-15.el8 base 59 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 59 k
Installed size: 109 k
Downloading Packages:
tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 217 kB/s | 59 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 215 kB/s | 59 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
- 安装网络上rpm包 //文件太大时不推荐，可能会中断。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:27 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 02:43:18 PM CST.
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm 24 kB/s | 547 kB 00:23
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
wget x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 @commandline 547 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 547 k
Installed size: 2.0 M
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep wget //查询包
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.3 更新软件包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf update wget
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:09:20 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 02:43:18 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Upgrading:
wget x86_64 1.19.5-8.el8_1.1 AppStream 735 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 735 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64.rpm 713 kB/s | 735 kB 00:01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 710 kB/s | 735 kB 00:01
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 2/2
Cleanup : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 2/2
Installed products updated.
Upgraded:
wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep wget
wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.4 重装软件包
- 检查软件是否存在
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
- 检查vsftpd软件配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
- 不小心删除了vsftpd配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
- 重新安装软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall vsftpd
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:18:36 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 02:43:18 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Reinstalling:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.3-31.el8 AppStream 180 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Total download size: 180 k
Installed size: 343 k
Is this ok [y/N]: t^Hy^H^Hy
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64.rpm 787 kB/s | 180 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 779 kB/s | 180 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 1/1
Reinstalling : vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 2/2
Cleanup : vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64 2/2
Installed products updated.
Reinstalled:
vsftpd-3.0.3-31.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
- 检查
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.5 删除安装包
- 安装一个samba软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install samba
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:23:14 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 02:43:18 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
samba x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 766 k
Installing dependencies:
avahi-libs x86_64 0.7-19.el8 base 62 k
cups-libs x86_64 1:2.2.6-33.el8 base 432 k
libwbclient x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 117 k
samba-client-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 5.1 M
samba-common noarch 4.11.2-13.el8 base 212 k
samba-common-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 173 k
samba-common-tools x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 472 k
samba-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 base 170 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install 9 Packages
Total download size: 7.4 M
Installed size: 25 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/9): avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64.rpm 508 kB/s | 62 kB 00:00
(2/9): libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 244 kB/s | 117 kB 00:00
(3/9): samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 766 kB 00:00
(4/9): cups-libs-2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64.rpm 558 kB/s | 432 kB 00:00
(5/9): samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 535 kB/s | 173 kB 00:00
(6/9): samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch.rpm 378 kB/s | 212 kB 00:00
(7/9): samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 918 kB/s | 472 kB 00:00
(8/9): samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 232 kB/s | 170 kB 00:00
(9/9): samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.8 MB/s | 5.1 MB 00:02
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.2 MB/s | 7.4 MB 00:03
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 1/9
Installing : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64 2/9
Running scriptlet: samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 3/9
Installing : samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 3/9
Running scriptlet: samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 3/9
Installing : libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 4/9
Installing : samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 5/9
Installing : samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 6/9
Installing : samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 7/9
Installing : samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 8/9
Installing : samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Running scriptlet: samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Running scriptlet: libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Running scriptlet: samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Verifying : avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 3/9
Verifying : samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 4/9
Verifying : samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 5/9
Verifying : samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 6/9
Verifying : samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Installed products updated.
Installed:
avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64
libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch
samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
Complete!
- 删除该软件包，不会删除依赖，但是最好不要使用删除软件操作
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y erase samba
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Removing:
samba x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 2.3 M
Removing unused dependencies:
avahi-libs x86_64 0.7-19.el8 @base 159 k
cups-libs x86_64 1:2.2.6-33.el8 @base 925 k
libwbclient x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 78 k
samba-client-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 20 M
samba-common noarch 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 131 k
samba-common-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 270 k
samba-common-tools x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 1.1 M
samba-libs x86_64 4.11.2-13.el8 @base 316 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Remove 9 Packages
Freed space: 25 M
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 1/9
Erasing : samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 1/9
Running scriptlet: samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 1/9
Erasing : samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 2/9
Erasing : samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 3/9
Erasing : samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 4/9
Erasing : samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 5/9
Running scriptlet: libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 6/9
Erasing : libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 6/9
Erasing : samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 7/9
Erasing : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64 8/9
Erasing : avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 9/9
Running scriptlet: avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 9/9
Verifying : avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 3/9
Verifying : samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 4/9
Verifying : samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 5/9
Verifying : samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch 6/9
Verifying : samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 9/9
Installed products updated.
Removed:
avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64 cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64
libwbclient-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
samba-client-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-common-4.11.2-13.el8.noarch
samba-common-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64 samba-common-tools-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
samba-libs-4.11.2-13.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove samba //因为上面已经指向了删除命令所有这里显示没有找到文件删除
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No match for argument: samba
No packages marked for removal.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.6 与仓库有关的命令
- 列出yum源可用的软件仓库
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name
AppStream CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
base CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
extras CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
[root@localhost ~]#
- 列出全部yum源可用和禁用的仓库
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repo id repo name status
AppStream CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled
PowerTools CentOS-8 - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
base CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled
centosplus CentOS-8 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
extras CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.7 与缓存有关的命令
- 缓存yum源软件仓库，xml元数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 27 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 11 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 38 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
Metadata cache created.
[root@localhost ~]#
- 缓存软件包，修改yum全局变量配置文件 //一般不做修改
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf
[main]
gpgcheck=1
installonly_limit=3
clean_requirements_on_remove=True
best=True
skip_if_unavailable=False
- 将软件下载到指定目录
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ wget
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:49 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 03:19:05 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
wget x86_64 1.19.5-8.el8_1.1 AppStream 735 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 735 k
Installed size: 2.9 M
DNF will only download packages for the transaction.
Downloading Packages:
wget-1.19.5-8.el8_1.1.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 735 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.0 MB/s | 735 kB 00:00
Complete!
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4.8 与包组相关的命令
- 列出可用的组
[root@localhost ~]# dnf grouplist
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:09 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Custom Operating System
Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Available Groups:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Container Management
Development Tools
.NET Core Development
Graphical Administration Tools
Headless Management
Network Servers
RPM Development Tools
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Tools
[root@localhost ~]#
- 安装包组
[root@localhost ~]# dnf grouplist //查看可用的包组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:09 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Custom Operating System
Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Available Groups:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Container Management
Development Tools
.NET Core Development
Graphical Administration Tools
Headless Management
Network Servers
RPM Development Tools
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Tools
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groups mark install "Development Tools" //自动回答yes的方式安装Development Tools包组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:01 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Installing Groups:
Development Tools
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# dnf grouplist //查看可用包组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:20 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Custom Operating System
Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Installed Groups: ////显示已安装的包组
Development Tools
Available Groups:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Container Management
.NET Core Development
Graphical Administration Tools
Headless Management
Network Servers
RPM Development Tools
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Tools
- 删除包组
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groups mark remove "Development Tools" //用自动回答yes的方式删除Development Tools包组
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:34:25 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
====================================================================================
Removing Groups:
Development Tools
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# dnf grouplist //查看可用包组；发现已经删除了
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:34:33 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 01:33:40 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
Server with GUI
Server
Workstation
Custom Operating System
Virtualization Host
Installed Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Available Groups:
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Container Management
Development Tools
.NET Core Development
Graphical Administration Tools
Headless Management
Network Servers
RPM Development Tools
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Tools
[root@localhost ~]#
8.4. YUM签名检查机制
- rpm软件提供组织redhat在构建rpm包时, 使用其私钥private key对 rpm进行签名
- 客户端在使用rpm为了验证其合法性, 可以使用redhat提供的公钥public key进行签名检查
- 方式1：指定公钥位置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
-
方式2：
提前导入公钥 //需要公钥，这里不做演示 -
方式3：不进行签名验证
配置文件中gpgcheck=0即可
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tree --nogpgcheck
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:13 ago on Tue 01 Dec 2020 03:31:48 PM CST.
Package tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
