[VC]初识VC中文件组织

     今天编写了一个简单得VC程序,主要是熟悉一下VC中文件的组织格式及VC中的一些相关知识点.

     程序内容介绍:

     编写了一个父类Animal,定义了Breath、Eat等方法和Life属性；接下来编写了Animal的子类Fish，在继承父类方法的同时有定义了自己的方法Swim。

    文件主要包括：Animal.h、Fish.h、Animal.cpp、Fish.cpp和Main.cpp。

    主要内容如下：

    <1>Animal.h

     ****************************************************

     #ifndef ANIMAL_H_H
     #define ANIMAL_H_H

     class Animal
     {
     public:
         int Life;
 
      Animal();
      Animal(int);
      void Breath();
      void Eat();
      ~Animal();
     };

     #endif

      ****************************************************

    <2>Animal.cpp

     ****************************************************

     #include "Animal.h"
     #include <iostream.h>

     Animal::Animal()
     {
      Animal::Life=0;
      cout<<"Animal whose life is 0 has been constructed! "<<endl;
     }

     Animal::Animal(int x)
     {
      Animal::Life=x;
      cout<<"Animal whose life is "<<Animal::Life<<"has been constructed!"<<endl;
     }

     void Animal::Breath()
     {
      cout<<"Animal is breathing..."<<endl;
     }

     void Animal::Eat()
     {
      cout<<"Animal is eatting..."<<endl;
     }

     Animal::~Animal()
     {
      cout<<"Animal has been deconstructed!"<<endl;
     }

      ****************************************************

    <3>Fish.h

 

      ****************************************************

     #include "Animal.h"

     #ifndef FISH_H_H
     #define FISH_H_H

     class Fish : public Animal
     {
     public:
      Fish();
      void Breath();
      void Swim();
      ~Fish();
     };

     #endif

      ****************************************************

    <4>Fish.cpp

      ****************************************************

     #include "Fish.h"
     #include "Animal.h"
     #include<iostream.h>

     Fish::Fish():Animal(5)
     {
      cout<<"Fish whose life is "<<this->Life<<" has been constructed!"<<endl;
     }

     void Fish::Swim()
     {
      cout<<"Fish is swimming..."<<endl;
     }

     void Fish::Breath()
     {
      cout<<"Fish is bubbling..."<<endl;
     }

     Fish::~Fish()
     {
      cout<<"Fish has been destructed!"<<endl;
     }

      ****************************************************

    <5>Main.cpp

      ****************************************************

     #include "Animal.h"
     #include "Fish.h"
     #include <iostream.h>

     void fn(Animal & x)
     {
         x.Breath();
     }

     void main()
     {
      Fish fh;
      fh.Swim();
      fh.Breath();
      Animal &an=fh;
      fn(an);
      return;
     }

      ****************************************************

       主要知识点:文件预处理<目的:避免重复定义>的使用及原理、类的继承、指针同引用的区别、构造函数与析构函数的调用顺序、变量的存储空间原理<Eg:为何可以把Fish对象赋给一个Animal对象?

       推广:学习一下结构体和类的区别<在于访问控制方面>和联系，虚函数的使用及目的<延迟编译>,函数的覆盖问题,各种不同继承<Public、Protected、Private>的区别，VC++程序编译链接的过程等。