1.14

Computer Systems A Programmer's Perspective  -Bryant O'Hallaron

Chapter 1. A Tour of Computer Systems

1.1 Information Is Bits + Context 

1.2 Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms

　　On a Unix system, the translation from a source file to object file is performed by a compiler driver.

　　Preprocessing phase, Compilation phase, Assembly phase, Linking phase

1.3 It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work

1.4 Processors Read and Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory

　　1.4.1 Hardware Organization of a System

　　1.4.2 Running the hello Program

1.5 Caches Matter

1.6 Storage Devices Form a Hierarchy

　　The main idea of a memory hierarchy is that storage at one level serves as a cache for storage at the next level.

1.7 The Operating System Manages the Hardware

　　We can think of the operating system as a layer of software interposed between the application program and the hardware.

　　1.7.1 Processes

　　　　A process is the operating system's abstraction for a running program.

　　　　In most systems, there are more processes to run than there are CPUs to run them.

　　1.7.2 Threads

　　1.7.3 Virtual Memory

　　　　Virtual memory is an abstraction that provides each process with the illusion that it has exclusive use of the main memory.

　　1.7.4 Files

　　　　Every I/O device, including disks, keyboards, displays and even networks, is modeled as a file.