SpringBoot访问外部接口
原生的Http请求
@RequestMapping("/doPostGetJson")
public String doPostGetJson() throws ParseException {
//此处将要发送的数据转换为json格式字符串
String jsonText = "{id: 1}";
JSONObject json = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parse(jsonText);
JSONObject sr = this.doPost(json);
System.out.println("返回参数: " + sr);
return sr.toString();
}
public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) {
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 要调用的接口方法
String url = "http://192.168.1.101:8080/getJson";
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString());
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
s.setContentType("application/json");
post.setEntity(s);
post.addHeader("content-type", "text/xml");
HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
System.out.println(response1);
if (res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());// 返回json格式:
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
HttpUtils
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpUtils {
/**
* get
*
* @param host
* @param path
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doGet(String host, String path,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* post form
*
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @param bodys
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys,
Map<String, String> bodys)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
if (bodys != null) {
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : bodys.keySet()) {
nameValuePairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, bodys.get(key)));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairList, "utf-8");
formEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
request.setEntity(formEntity);
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* Post String
*
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @param body
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys,
String body)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
RequestConfig requestConfig =
RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(20000).setConnectTimeout(20000).build();
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
request.setConfig(requestConfig);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
if (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* Post stream
*
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @param body
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doPost(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys,
byte[] body)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
if (body != null) {
request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body));
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* Put String
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @param body
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys,
String body)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
if (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
request.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* Put stream
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @param body
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doPut(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys,
byte[] body)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpPut request = new HttpPut(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
if (body != null) {
request.setEntity(new ByteArrayEntity(body));
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
/**
* Delete
*
* @param host
* @param path
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param querys
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static HttpResponse doDelete(String host, String path, String method,
Map<String, String> headers,
Map<String, String> querys)
throws Exception {
HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(host);
HttpDelete request = new HttpDelete(buildUrl(host, path, querys));
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : headers.entrySet()) {
request.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
return httpClient.execute(request);
}
private static String buildUrl(String host, String path, Map<String, String> querys) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
StringBuilder sbUrl = new StringBuilder();
sbUrl.append(host);
if (!org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isBlank(path)) {
sbUrl.append(path);
}
if (null != querys) {
StringBuilder sbQuery = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> query : querys.entrySet()) {
if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {
sbQuery.append("&");
}
if (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey()) && !org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {
sbQuery.append(query.getValue());
}
if (!org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey())) {
sbQuery.append(query.getKey());
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {
sbQuery.append("=");
sbQuery.append(URLEncoder.encode(query.getValue(), "utf-8"));
}
}
}
if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {
sbUrl.append("?").append(sbQuery);
}
}
return sbUrl.toString();
}
private static HttpClient wrapClient(String host) {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
if (host.startsWith("https://")) {
sslClient(httpClient);
}
return httpClient;
}
private static void sslClient(HttpClient httpClient) {
try {
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String str) {
}
};
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx);
ssf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
ClientConnectionManager ccm = httpClient.getConnectionManager();
SchemeRegistry registry = ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
registry.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf));
} catch (KeyManagementException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
Feign进行消费
1.在maven项目中添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.编写接口，放置在service层
这里的decisionEngine.url 是配置在properties中的 是ip地址和端口号 decisionEngine.url=http://10.2.1.148:3333/decision/person 是接口名字
@FeignClient(url = "${decisionEngine.url}",name="engine")
public interface DecisionEngineService {
@RequestMapping(value="/decision/person",method= RequestMethod.POST)
public JSONObject getEngineMesasge(@RequestParam("uid") String uid,@RequestParam("productCode") String productCode);
}
3.在Java的启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients
@EnableFeignClients //参见此处
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableResourceServer
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
@Autowired
private AppMetricsExporter appMetricsExporter;
@Autowired
private AddMonitorUnitService addMonitorUnitService;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(true).run(args);
}
}
4.在代码中调用接口即可
@Autowired
private DecisionEngineService decisionEngineService ;
// ...
decisionEngineService.getEngineMesasge("uid" , "productCode");
RestTemplate方法
在Spring-Boot开发中，RestTemplate同样提供了对外访问的接口API，这里主要介绍Get和Post方法的使用。Get请求提供了两种方式的接口getForObject 和 getForEntity，getForEntity提供如下三种方法的实现。
1.配置RestTemplate
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.ResourceHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.xml.SourceHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class RestTemplateConfig {
// 配置 RestTemplate
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter jackson2HttpMessageConverter){
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(simpleClientHttpRequestFactory());
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
messageConverters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter);
messageConverters.add(jackson2HttpMessageConverter);
messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
messageConverters.add(new ResourceHttpMessageConverter());
messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
restTemplate.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);
return restTemplate;
}
@Bean
public HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
// 禁用Cookie回话保持功能
CloseableHttpClient build = HttpClientBuilder.create().disableCookieManagement().useSystemProperties().build();
// 创建一个 httpCilent 简单工厂
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(build);
// 设置连接超时
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
// 设置读取超时
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
}
2.注入RestTemplate
在使用RestTemplate方法的类中注入RestTemplate
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
3.Get请求
getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
该方法提供了三个参数，其中url为请求的地址，responseType为请求响应body的包装类型，urlVariables为url中的参数绑定，该方法的参考调用如下:
// http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
Map<String,String> params=new HashMap<>();
params.put("name","dada"); //
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);
getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
该方法使用URI对象来替代之前的url和urlVariables参数来指定访问地址和参数绑定。URI是JDK java.net包下的一个类，表示一个统一资源标识符(Uniform Resource Identifier)引用。参考如下:
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
UriComponents uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}")
.build()
.expand("dodo")
.encode();
URI uri=uriComponents.toUri();
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();
getForObject
getForObject方法可以理解为对getForEntity的进一步封装，它通过HttpMessageConverterExtractor对HTTP的请求响应体body内容进行对象转换，实现请求直接返回包装好的对象内容。getForObject方法有如下:
getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables)
getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables)
getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)
4.Post请求
Post请求提供有三种方法，postForEntity、postForObject和postForLocation。其中每种方法都存在三种方法，postForEntity方法使用如下:
estTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
User user=newUser("didi",30);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity=restTemplate.postForEntity("http://USER-SERVICE/user",user,String.class); //提交的body内容为user对象，请求的返回的body类型为String
String body=responseEntity.getBody();
postForEntity存在如下三种方法的重载,postForEntity中的其它参数和getForEntity的参数大体相同
postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object... uriVariables)
postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map uriVariables)
postForEntity(URI url,Object request，Class responseType)
