Android网络编程之Http通信

 

Android网络编程之Http通信

Android中提供的HttpURLConnection和HttpClient接口可以用来开发HTTP程序。以下是本人在学习中的总结与归纳。 
1. HttpURLConnection接口 
    首先需要明确的是,Http通信中的POST和GET请求方式的不同。GET可以获得静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字符串后面,传递给服务器。而POST方法的参数是放在Http请求中。因此,在编程之前,应当首先明确使用的请求方法,然后再根据所使用的方式选择相应的编程方式。 

    HttpURLConnection是继承于URLConnection类,二者都是抽象类。其对象主要通过URL的openConnection方法获得。创建方法如下代码所示:

 

1 URL url = new URL("http://www.51cto.com/index.jsp?par=123456"); 
2 HttpURLConnection urlConn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

 

通过以下方法可以对请求的属性进行一些设置,如下所示:

1 //设置输入和输出流 
2 urlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
3 urlConn.setDoInput(true); 
4 //设置请求方式为POST 
5 urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); 
6 //POST请求不能使用缓存 
7 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
8 //关闭连接 
9 urlConn.disConnection();

HttpURLConnection默认使用GET方式,例如下面代码所示:

01 //使用HttpURLConnection打开连接 
02                 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
03                 //得到读取的内容(流) 
04                 InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream()); 
05                 // 为输出创建BufferedReader 
06                 BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in); 
07                 String inputLine = null
08                 //使用循环来读取获得的数据 
09                 while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) 
10                 
11                     //我们在每一行后面加上一个"\n"来换行 
12                     resultData += inputLine + "\n"
13                 }          
14                 //关闭InputStreamReader 
15                 in.close(); 
16                 //关闭http连接 
17                 urlConn.disconnect();

如果需要使用POST方式,则需要setRequestMethod设置。代码如下:

01 String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp"
02         //获得的数据 
03         String resultData = ""
04         URL url = null
05         try
06         
07             //构造一个URL对象 
08             url = new URL(httpUrl);  
09         
10         catch (MalformedURLException e) 
11         
12             Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, "MalformedURLException"); 
13         
14         if (url != null
15         
16             try
17             
18                 // 使用HttpURLConnection打开连接 
19                 HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
20                 //因为这个是post请求,设立需要设置为true 
21                 urlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
22                 urlConn.setDoInput(true); 
23                 // 设置以POST方式 
24                 urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); 
25                 // Post 请求不能使用缓存 
26                 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
27                 urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); 
28                 // 配置本次连接的Content-type,配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的 
29                 urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
30                 // 连接,从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成, 
31                 // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。 
32                 urlConn.connect(); 
33                 //DataOutputStream流 
34                 DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream()); 
35                 //要上传的参数 
36                 String content = "par=" + URLEncoder.encode("ABCDEFG", "gb2312"); 
37                 //将要上传的内容写入流中 
38                 out.writeBytes(content);  
39                 //刷新、关闭 
40                 out.flush(); 
41                 out.close();

2. HttpClient接口
    使用Apache提供的HttpClient接口同样可以进行HTTP操作。 
    对于GET和POST请求方法的操作有所不同。GET方法的操作代码示例如下:

01 // http地址 
02         String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get"
03         //HttpGet连接对象 
04         HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl); 
05          //取得HttpClient对象 
06             HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
07             //请求HttpClient,取得HttpResponse 
08             HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); 
09             //请求成功 
10             if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
11             
12                 //取得返回的字符串 
13                 String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); 
14                 mTextView.setText(strResult); 
15             
16             else
17             
18                 mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); 
19             
20         }

使用POST方法进行参数传递时,需要使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的参数。,另外,还需要设置所使用的字符集。代码如下所示:

01 // http地址 
02         String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp"
03         //HttpPost连接对象 
04         HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl); 
05         //使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的Post参数 
06         List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
07         //添加要传递的参数 
08         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("par", "HttpClient_android_Post")); 
09         //设置字符集 
10             HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gb2312"); 
11             //请求httpRequest 
12             httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity); 
13             //取得默认的HttpClient 
14             HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
15             //取得HttpResponse 
16             HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); 
17             //HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功 
18             if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
19             
20                 //取得返回的字符串 
21                 String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); 
22                 mTextView.setText(strResult); 
23             
24             else
25             
26                 mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); 
27             
28         }

HttpClient实际上是对Java提供方法的一些封装,在HttpURLConnection中的输入输出流操作,在这个接口中被统一封装成了HttpPost(HttpGet)和HttpResponse,这样,就减少了操作的繁琐性。

    另外,在使用POST方式进行传输时,需要进行字符编码

posted on 2013-10-26 15:53  知行立远  阅读(204)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报