SSH2框架搭建和配置文件详解

SSH框架，当今最为流行的项目开发框架组合，那么掌握他的第一步是学习如何配置环境，java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置，虽然说配置在网上到处都有，但是要成为合格的程序猿，必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义，分析它的规律，因此这一步至关重要。

SSH分为SSH1和SSH2，区别主要在于Struts的版本，即Struts1和Struts2，Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别，

这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。

我们在搭建框架之前，首先一定要注意各个框架的版本，不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。

SSH2框架的版本为：struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8

1.  所需jar包:猛击下载免费jar包资源

struts2：

struts2-core-2.2.3.jar

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar

xwork-core-2.2.3.jar

commons-io-2.0.1.jar

commons-lang-2.5.jar

commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar

freemarker-2.3.16.jar

ognl-3.0.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar（hibernate同样需要）

spring：

spring.jar

commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

common-annotations.jar

aspectjrt.jar

aspectjweaver.jar

cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar

（如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接，还要加入以下2个包）

commons-dbcp.jar

commons-pool.jar

hibernate：

hibernate3.jar

hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar

antlr-2.7.6.jar

commons-collections-3.1.jar

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar

jta-1.1.jar

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar（这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包）

jdbc：

ojdbc14.jar（oracle）

2. web.xml配置

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>testSSH</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>


  <!-- 配置资源 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- 配置自定义filter，并由spring管理 -->
  <!--
  <filter>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>


  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
   -->


  <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding，设置字符集 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 将HibernateSession开关控制配置在Filter，保证一个请求一个session，并对lazy提供支持 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>


  <!-- 配置struts2 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>config</param-name>
        <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>


  <!-- 配置spring -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>


  <!-- 页面session配置 -->
  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
  </session-config>


  <!-- 错误页面 -->
  <error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>/error404.html</location>
  </error-page>
</web-app></span>

 注意：

① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时，参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter，不具有filter的生命周期，因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理，所以在spring资源配置文件（如applicationContext.xml）中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。

② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true，否则意义不大。

③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下，若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下，否则在于其他框架结合时（如spring）就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面，否则会有问题。

3. struts.xml配置

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 将Action的创建交给spring来管理 -->
    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />

    <!-- 更改struts2请求Action的后缀名，默认为action。若想去掉后缀，设为","即可 -->
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>

    <package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 配置拦截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefult">
                <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>

        <action name="myLogin" class="loginAction">
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
        </action>

        <action name="testSession" class="sessionAction">
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref>
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts></span>

注意：

① 执行完自定义拦截器后，还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack，否则可能会出错。

② action标签的class属性，与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。

4. applicationContext.xml

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 启用spring注解支持 -->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!-- 第一种方法配置sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二种方法配置sessionFactory
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/>
        <property name="username" value="wang"/>
        <property name="password" value="wang"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <property name="mappingLocations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
     -->

    <!-- 第一种方法配置事务 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>
    </aop:config>

    <!-- 第二种方法配置事务
    <bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
    必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口
        <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop>
                <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop>
                <prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy">
        <property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
     -->

    <bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- spring管理的自定义filter -->
    <bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean>

    <!-- spring管理struts2的Action -->
    <bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
    <bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
    <bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean>
</beans></span>

注意：

① 配置事务时，如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话，要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true（第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性），否则就会报错

② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时，bean中无需配置property属性标签。

③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时，还需要另外引入两个包（详见上述“所需jar”部分）。

5. filter与拦截器

● MyFilter.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    private String encoding;

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========");
        encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");
    }
}</span>

● MyInterceptor.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void init() {

    }

    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
        Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
        String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username");

        if (username != null) {
            return invocation.invoke();
        }
        return "error";
    }

}</span>

filter与拦截器（interceptor）的区别：

二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似，但是二者是有区别的,：

① filter是基于servlet容器的，而interceptor仅限于struts2，因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。

② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数，而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。

③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor，filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面，图片，文件，还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等，而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。

④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗，interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。

6. action层

● LoginAction.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import test.entity.User;
import test.service.IUserService;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    @Resource
    private IUserService userService;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(username);
        user.setPassword(password);
        try {
            userService.addUser(user);
            HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
            request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
            return "success";
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "error";
    }
}</span>

7. service层

● UserServiceImpl.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import test.dao.IUserDao;
import test.entity.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{

    @Resource
    private IUserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
        userDao.addUser(user);
        if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean updateUser(User user) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delUser(String username) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findAllUser() {
        return null;
    }
}</span>

接口因为很简单，就不展示了，这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层，仅是个示例而已，filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。

8. dao层

● UserDaoImpl.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.dao;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import test.entity.User;

public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user){
        user.setName("wang");
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        user.setModifyTime(new Date());
        this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
    }
}</span>

9. entity层

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String name;

    private String email;

    private String tell;

    private Date createTime;

    private Date modifyTime;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getTell() {
        return tell;
    }

    public void setTell(String tell) {
        this.tell = tell;
    }

    public Date getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }

    public Date getModifyTime() {
        return modifyTime;
    }

    public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) {
        this.modifyTime = modifyTime;
    }
}</span>
----------补充说明-----------

文章中所列出的struts2的2.2jar包已经不是最新的了，这个版本有严重漏洞，

现在最新版本为2.3.15，所以。你懂的 http://struts.apache.org/download.cgi#struts23151