Rabbitmq基本API使用
一、生产者
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创建ConnectionFactory工厂(地址、用户名、密码、vhost)
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创建Connection
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创建信道(Channel)
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创建 exchange(指定 名称、类型-DIRECT("direct"), FANOUT("fanout"), TOPIC("topic"), HEADERS("headers");、是否持久化)
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发送消息(指定:exchange、发送的routingKey , 发送到的消息 )
基础的生产者:
public class TestProducer { public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { /* 创建连接,连接到RabbitMQ*/ ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.112.131"); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("my_vhost"); connectionFactory.setUsername("admin"); connectionFactory.setPassword("admin"); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); /*创建信道*/ Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); /*创建交换器*/ channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct"); //channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); /*日志消息级别,作为路由键使用*/ String[] routekeys = {"king","queue","prince"}; for(int i=0;i<3;i++){ String routekey = routekeys[i%3]; String msg = "Hellol,RabbitMq"+(i+1); /*发布消息,需要参数:交换器,路由键,其中以日志消息级别为路由键*/ channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey,null, msg.getBytes()); System.out.println("Sent "+routekey+":"+msg); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
二、消费者
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创建ConnectionFactory工厂(地址、用户名、密码、vhost)
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创建Connection
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创建信道(Channel)
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声明一个 exchange(指定 名称、类型、是否持久化)
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创建一个队列(指定:名称,是否持久化,是否独占,是否自动删除,其他参数)
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队列、exchange通过routeKey进行绑定
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消费者接收消息(队列名称,是否自动ACK)
基本的消费者:
public class TestConsumer { public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("192.168.112.131"); factory.setVirtualHost("my_vhost"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("admin"); // 打开连接和创建频道,与发送端一样 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); final Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(TestProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); /*声明一个队列*/ String queueName = "focuserror"; channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false, false,null); /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/ String routekey = "king";/*表示只关注error级别的日志消息*/ channel.queueBind(queueName,TestProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey); System.out.println("waiting for message........"); /*声明了一个消费者*/ final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); } }; /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/ channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer); } }
三、消息持久化
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exchange 需要持久化
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发送消息设置参数为 MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN
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队列需要设置参数为持久化
1、//TODO 创建持久化交换器 durable=true channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct",true); 2、//TODO 发布持久化的消息(delivery-mode=2) channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN, msg.getBytes()); 3、//TODO 声明一个持久化队列(durable=true) // autoDelete=true 消费者停止了,则队列会自动删除 //exclusive=true独占队列,只能有一个消费者消费 String queueName = "msgdurable"; channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false, false,null);
四、如何支持事务(防止投递消息的时候消息丢失-效率特别低,不建议使用,可以使用生产者ACK机制)
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启动事务
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成功提交
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失败则回滚
//TODO //加入事务 channel.txSelect(); try { for(int i=0;i<3;i++){ String routekey = routekeys[i%3]; // 发送的消息 String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1) +("_"+System.currentTimeMillis()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routekey, true, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("----------------------------------"); System.out.println(" Sent Message: [" + routekey +"]:'" + message + "'"); Thread.sleep(200); } //TODO //事务提交 channel.txCommit(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //TODO //事务回滚 channel.txRollback(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
五、消费消息手动ACK,如果异常则使用拒绝的方式,然后异常消息推送到-死信队列
批量ack的时候如果其中有一个消息出现异常,则会导致消息丢失(日志处理的时候可以使用批量)
1 /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息,第二个参数false为手动应答*/ channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer); 2 收到消息以后,手动应答数据接收成功 channel.basicAck( envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); 3 收到消息,如果处理失败则拒绝消息:DeliveryTag是消息在队列中的标识 channel.basicReject( envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); 4 决绝的参数说明 //TODO Reject方式拒绝(这里第2个参数决定是否重新投递),不要重复投递,因为消息重复投递后处理可能依然异常 //channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); //TODO Nack方式的拒绝(第2个参数决定是否批量,第3个参数是否重新投递) channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
六、创建队列的参数解析:场景,延迟队列,保存带有时效性的订单,一旦订单过期,则信息会转移到死信队列
//TODO /*自动过期队列--参数需要Map传递*/ String queueName = "setQueue"; Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>(); arguments.put("x-expires",10*1000);//消息在队列中保存10秒后被删除 //TODO 队列的各种参数 /*加入队列的各种参数*/ // autoDelete=true 消费者停止了,则队列会自动删除 //exclusive=true独占队列,只能有一个消费者消费 channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,true, false,arguments);
七、发送消息以后带有应答的队列
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声明一个回应队列
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声明一个回应消息的消费者
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声明一个属性对象(指定队列,会唯一的id)
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生产者发送消息给消费者(带着回应队列)
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消费者接收到消息以后根据对应的信息,给予回应
生产者端:
1、 //TODO 响应QueueName ,消费者将会把要返回的信息发送到该Queue String responseQueue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue(); //TODO 消息的唯一id String msgId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); 2、 /*声明了一个消费者*/ final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); } }; //TODO 消费者应答队列上的消息 channel.basicConsume(responseQueue,true,consumer); 3、 //TODO 设置消息中的应答属性 AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder() .replyTo(responseQueue) .messageId(msgId) .build(); 4、 String msg = "Hello,RabbitMq"; //TODO 发送消息时,把响应相关属性设置进去 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"error", properties, msg.getBytes());
消费者端:
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); //TODO 从消息中拿到相关属性(确定要应答的消息ID,) AMQP.BasicProperties respProp = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder() .replyTo(properties.getReplyTo()) .correlationId(properties.getMessageId()) .build(); //TODO 消息消费时,同时需要生作为生产者生产消息(以OK为标识) channel.basicPublish("", respProp.getReplyTo() , respProp , ("OK,"+message).getBytes("UTF-8"));
八、死信队列 - 下列消息会放到死信队列
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消息被否定确认,使用 channel.basicNack 或 channel.basicReject ,并且此时requeue 属性被设置为false。
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消息在队列的存活时间超过设置的TTL时间。
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消息队列的消息数量已经超过最大队列长度
测试,消费者被拒绝的时候消息会进到死信队列中: final Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC); //TODO 绑定死信交换器 /*声明一个队列,并绑定死信交换器*/ Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>(); args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME); // //TODO 死信路由键,会替换消息原来的路由键 // args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "deal"); channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,false,false, false, args); /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/ channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME, WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,"#"); System.out.println("waiting for message........"); //声明死信队列 channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic",true); channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null); //路由键为 # 代表可以路由到所有消息 channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME ,WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "#"); /*声明了一个消费者*/ final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); //TODO //TODO 如果是king的消息确认 if(envelope.getRoutingKey().equals("king")){ System.out.println("Received[" +envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); }else{ //TODO 如果是其他的消息拒绝(rqueue=false),成为死信消息 System.out.println("Will reject[" +envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }; /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/ channel.basicConsume(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME ,false,consumer);
过期消息进入到死信队列:
public static void main(String[] argsv) throws IOException, TimeoutException { Connection connection = getConnection(); // 创建一个信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 指定转发 channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC); Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>(); args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME); //设置队列中消息过期时间,过期则进入死信队列 args.put("x-message-ttl", 10*1000); channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,true,false, false, args); /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/ channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME, WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,"#"); System.out.println("waiting for message........"); //声明死信队列 channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic",true); channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null); //路由键为 # 代表可以路由到所有消息 channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME ,WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "#"); /*日志消息级别,作为路由键使用*/ String[] routekeys = {"king","mark","james"}; for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ String routekey = routekeys[i%3]; String msg = "Hellol,RabbitMq"+(i+1); /*发布消息,需要参数:交换器,路由键,其中以日志消息级别为路由键*/ channel.basicPublish(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey,null, msg.getBytes()); System.out.println("Sent "+routekey+":"+msg); } // 关闭频道和连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); }
九、消费者批量预取消费-每次服务器给消费者推送多少数据进行处理
//TODO 如果是两个消费者(QOS ,批量)则轮询获取数据 //TODO 150条预取(150都取出来 150, 210-150 60 ) channel.basicQos(150,true); /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/ channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer); //TODO 自定义消费者批量确认 //BatchAckConsumer batchAckConsumer = new BatchAckConsumer(channel); //channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,batchAckConsumer);
十、生产者投递消息确认模式,如果失败了则可以重新投递
同步确认:
// 启用发送者确认模式 channel.confirmSelect(); //所有日志严重性级别 for(int i=0;i<2;i++){ // 发送的消息 String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1); //参数1:exchange name //参数2:routing key channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTE_KEY, true,null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" Sent Message: [" + ROUTE_KEY +"]:'"+ message + "'"); //TODO //确认是否成功(true成功) if(channel.waitForConfirms()){ System.out.println("send success"); }else{ //如果失败则,可以重新投递减小消息丢失的几率 System.out.println("send failure"); } }
异步确认-添加监听器:
//TODO // 启用发送者确认模式 channel.confirmSelect(); //TODO // 添加发送者确认监听器 channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() { //TODO 成功 public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException { System.out.println("send_ACK:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple); } //TODO 失败 public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException { System.out.println("Erro----send_NACK:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple); } }); //TODO // 添加失败者通知 channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() { public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body); System.out.println("RabbitMq路由失败: "+routingKey+"."+message); } }); String[] routekeys={"king","mark"}; //TODO 6条 for(int i=0;i<20;i++){ String routekey = routekeys[i%2]; //String routekey = "king"; // 发送的消息 String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1)+("_"+System.currentTimeMillis()); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routekey, true, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_BASIC, message.getBytes()); }
十一、基本信息-创建链接
public class BasicMq { public static final String MQ_IP = "192.168.112.131"; public static final String USER = "admin"; public static final String PWD = "admin"; public static final String VHOST = "my_vhost"; /** * * @return */ public static final Connection getConnection() { /* 创建连接,连接到RabbitMQ*/ ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = null; try { connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost(BasicMq.MQ_IP); connectionFactory.setUsername( BasicMq.USER); connectionFactory.setPassword( BasicMq.PWD ); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost( BasicMq.VHOST ); return connectionFactory.newConnection(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null ; } public static final Channel getChannel() throws IOException { return getConnection().createChannel(); } }
十二、异常整理
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如果生产者声明exchange为 durable=true,那么消费者对应的exchange也必须为durable=true
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消费者原来是durable=false,修改后变为durable=true,那么因为服务器上已经有这个队列,但是参数不一致会异常,需要删除服务器上的对应队列