ASP.NET Core 鉴权授权三（自定义授权策略、多授权策略、多鉴权架构）
Program.cs
#region 授权
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
{
//添加自定义授权策略
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p => p.RequireClaim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,"1"));
});
#endregion
TestController.cs 应用自定义授权策略
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
[Authorize("MyPolicy")]
[HttpGet]
public async Task<string> Get()
{
return await Task.FromResult(DateTime.Now.ToString());
}
}
TokenAuthenticationHandler.cs
public Task<AuthenticateResult> AuthenticateAsync()
{
string token = _context.Request.Headers["Authorization"];
if (token == "test")
{
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity("Ctm");
identity.AddClaims(new List<Claim>(){
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"admin"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,"6")
});
var claimsPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(new AuthenticationTicket(claimsPrincipal, null, _scheme.Name)));
}
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("token错误，请重新登录"));
}
/// <summary>
/// 没有权限访问
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
public Task ForbidAsync(AuthenticationProperties? properties)
{
_context.Response.StatusCode = 403;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
此处鉴权给的值是6，授权用的1，尝试访问
重要概念
基于策略的授权中有一个很重要的概念是Requirements，每一个Requirement都代表一个授权条件。
Requirement需要继承接口IAuthorizationRequirement。
已经内置了一些常用的实现：
AssertionRequirement ：使用最原始的断言形式来声明授权策略。
DenyAnonymousAuthorizationRequirement ：用于表示禁止匿名用户访问的授权策略，并在AuthorizationOptions中将其设置为默认策略。
ClaimsAuthorizationRequirement ：用于表示判断Cliams中是否包含预期的Claims的授权策略。
RolesAuthorizationRequirement ：用于表示使用ClaimsPrincipal.IsInRole来判断是否包含预期的Role的授权策略。
NameAuthorizationRequirement：用于表示使用ClaimsPrincipal.Identities.Name来判断是否包含预期的Name的授权策略。
OperationAuthorizationRequirement：用于表示基于操作的授权策略。
当内置的Requirement不能满足需求时，可以定义自己的Requirement.
自定义Requirement
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
{
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p => p.Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler("1")));
});
MyAuthorizationHandler.cs
public class MyAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<MyAuthorizationHandler>, IAuthorizationRequirement
{
private readonly string _userId;
public MyAuthorizationHandler(string userId)
{
_userId = userId;
}
protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, MyAuthorizationHandler requirement)
{
if (context.User.HasClaim(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)
&& context.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type.Equals(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)).Value == _userId)
{
context.Succeed(requirement);
}
else
{
context.Fail();
}
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
多授权方案
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
{
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p => p.Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler("1")));
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy1", p => p.Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler1("admin")));
});
MyAuthorizationHandler1.cs
public class MyAuthorizationHandler1 : AuthorizationHandler<MyAuthorizationHandler1>, IAuthorizationRequirement
{
private readonly string _userName;
public MyAuthorizationHandler1(string userName)
{
_userName = userName;
}
protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, MyAuthorizationHandler1 requirement)
{
if (context.User.HasClaim(c => c.Type == ClaimTypes.Name)
&& context.User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type.Equals(ClaimTypes.Name)).Value == _userName)
{
context.Succeed(requirement);
}
else
{
context.Fail();
}
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
TestController.cs
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
[Authorize(Policy = "MyPolicy")]
[Authorize(Policy = "MyPolicy1")]
[HttpGet]
public async Task<string> Get()
{
return await Task.FromResult(DateTime.Now.ToString());
}
}
鉴权方案 TokenAuthenticationHandler.cs
public class TokenAuthenticationHandler : IAuthenticationHandler
{
private AuthenticationScheme _scheme;
private HttpContext _context;
/// <summary>
/// 鉴权初始化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="scheme">鉴权架构名称</param>
/// <param name="context">HttpContext</param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
public Task InitializeAsync(AuthenticationScheme scheme, HttpContext context)
{
_scheme = scheme;
_context = context;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task<AuthenticateResult> AuthenticateAsync()
{
string token = _context.Request.Headers["Authorization"];
if (token == "test")
{
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity("Ctm");
identity.AddClaims(new List<Claim>(){
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"admin"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,"1")
});
var claimsPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(new AuthenticationTicket(claimsPrincipal, null, _scheme.Name)));
}
return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("token错误，请重新登录"));
}
/// <summary>
/// 未登录
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
public Task ChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties? properties)
{
_context.Response.Redirect("/api/Login/NoLogin");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
/// <summary>
/// 没有权限访问
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
public Task ForbidAsync(AuthenticationProperties? properties)
{
_context.Response.StatusCode = 403;
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
多授权方案，每个授权策略都需要通过
那么也可以使用多鉴权架构，Cookie可用于web浏览器，token用于终端API调用
改造效果：
多鉴权方案
Program.cs
//注册鉴权架构
#region Cookie
builder.Services.AddAuthentication("Cookies").AddCookie(o =>{
o.LoginPath = "/api/Login/NoLogin";
});
#region 自定义Token验证
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(option =>
{
//把自定义的鉴权方案添加到鉴权架构中
option.AddScheme<TokenAuthenticationHandler>("token", "myToken");
option.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = "token";
option.DefaultChallengeScheme = "token";
option.DefaultForbidScheme = "token";
});
#endregion
#endregion
#region 授权
// builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
// {
// option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p => p.RequireClaim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,"1"));
// });
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
{
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p => p.Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler("1")));
// option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy1", p => p.Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler1("admin")));
});
#endregion
TestController.cs
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
[Authorize(Policy = "MyPolicy",AuthenticationSchemes = $"token,Cookies")]
[HttpGet]
public async Task<string> Get()
{
return await Task.FromResult(DateTime.Now.ToString());
}
}
授权绑定鉴权
//注册鉴权架构
#region Cookie
builder.Services.AddAuthentication("Cookies").AddCookie(o =>{
o.LoginPath = "/api/Login/NoLogin";
});
#region 自定义Token验证
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(option =>
{
//把自定义的鉴权方案添加到鉴权架构中
option.AddScheme<TokenAuthenticationHandler>("token", "myToken");
//option.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = "token";
option.DefaultChallengeScheme = "token";
option.DefaultForbidScheme = "token";
});
#endregion
#endregion
builder.Services.AddAuthorization(option =>
{
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy",p =>p.AddAuthenticationSchemes("token").Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler("1")));
option.AddPolicy("MyPolicy1", p =>p.AddAuthenticationSchemes("Cookies").Requirements.Add(new MyAuthorizationHandler1("admin")));
});
