(待更..)【Leetcode 深搜、广搜、并查集】岛屿数量(200)
题目
给定一个由 '1'(陆地)和 '0'(水)组成的的二维网格,计算岛屿的数量。一个岛被水包围,并且它是通过水平方向或垂直方向上相邻的陆地连接而成的。你可以假设网格的四个边均被水包围。
示例 1:
输入:
11110
11010
11000
00000
输出: 1
示例 2:
输入:
11000
11000
00100
00011
输出: 3
解答
典型的搜索题,深度优先和广度优先都可以。(并查集也可以解决,待更..)
最坏情况:全部都是陆地,需要m*n的函数调用栈空间。
1,深度优先dfs,用递归。Time: O(mn),Space:O(mn)
2,广度优先bfs,用队列。Time: O(mn),Space:O(mn)
代码实现:
# 深度优先搜索
class Solution:
def __init__(self):
self.next = [
[0, 1],
[1, 0],
[0, -1],
[-1, 0]
]
self.m = 0
self.n = 0
self.a = [[]]
def numIslands(self, grid) -> int:
if not grid:
return 0
self.a = grid
self.m, self.n = len(self.a), len(self.a[0])
color = 0
for i in range(self.m):
for j in range(self.n):
if self.a[i][j] == '1':
color -= 1
self.a[i][j] = color
self.dfs(i, j, color)
return -color
def dfs(self, x, y, color):
for i in range(4):
tx = x + self.next[i][0]
ty = y + self.next[i][1]
if tx >= 0 and ty >= 0 and tx < self.m and ty < self.n and self.a[tx][ty] == '1':
self.a[tx][ty] = color
self.dfs(tx, ty, color)
s = Solution()
ans = s.numIslands([
['1', '1', '0', '0', '0'],
['1', '1', '0', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '1', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '0', '1', '1']
])
print(ans)
import pprint
pprint.pprint(s.a)
# 3
[[-1, -1, '0', '0', '0'],
[-1, -1, '0', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', -2, '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '0', -3, -3]]
# 广度优先搜索
class Queue: # 队列结构
def __init__(self):
self.x = -1
self.y = -1
class Solution:
def __init__(self):
self.next = [
[0, 1],
[1, 0],
[0, -1],
[-1, 0]
]
self.m = 0
self.n = 0
self.a = [[]]
self.que = []
def numIslands(self, grid) -> int:
if not grid:
return 0
self.a = grid
self.m, self.n = len(self.a), len(self.a[0])
self.que = [Queue() for _ in range(self.m*self.n)]
color = 0 # 填涂独立小岛
for i in range(self.m):
for j in range(self.n):
if self.a[i][j] == '1':
color -= 1
head = tail = 0
self.que[tail].x = i
self.que[tail].y = j
tail += 1
self.a[i][j] = color
self.bfs(color, head, tail)
return -color
def bfs(self, color, head, tail):
while head < tail:
for i in range(4):
tx = self.que[head].x + self.next[i][0]
ty = self.que[head].y + self.next[i][1]
if tx >= 0 and ty >= 0 and tx < self.m and ty < self.n and self.a[tx][ty] == '1':
self.que[tail].x = tx
self.que[tail].y = ty
tail += 1
self.a[tx][ty] = color
head += 1
s = Solution()
ans = s.numIslands([
['1', '1', '0', '0', '0'],
['1', '1', '0', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '1', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '0', '1', '1']
])
print(ans)
import pprint
pprint.pprint(s.a)
# 3
[[-1, -1, '0', '0', '0'],
[-1, -1, '0', '0', '0'],
['0', '0', -2, '0', '0'],
['0', '0', '0', -3, -3]]