android学习笔记----Fragment

 

目录

Fragment详解见链接

静态添加碎片

动态添加碎片

模拟微信主界面

Fragment之间的通信


 

关于Fragment官方文档:https://developer.android.google.cn/guide/components/fragments?utm_source=udacity&utm_medium=course&utm_campaign=android_basics

Fragment详解见链接

https://blog.csdn.net/harvic880925/article/details/44917955

 

以下是自己的笔记:

静态添加碎片

fragment1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment1的内容"
        android:textColor="#00ff00"/>
</LinearLayout>

fragment2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment2的内容"
        android:textColor="#ff0000"/>
</LinearLayout>

Fragment1.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
    // 当系统第一次绘制UI的时候调用,通过这个方法让fragment显示自己的布局
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

笔记批注:

       Activity 的 onCreate() 方法与 Fragment 的 onCreateView() 方法稍微不同,在 Activity 的 onCreate() 方法中,我们可以调用 setContentView() 来为 该 Activity 设置布局。在 Fragment 中,我们需要根据 XML 布局资源 ID 获得 视图,并在 onCreateView() 方法中返回该视图。

       我们来看看这里onCreateView()参数的意思,这里R.layout.fragment1 是对应用资源中保存的名为 fragment1.xml 的布局资源的引用。传递到 onCreateView() 的 container 参数是Fragment布局,将插入到的父 ViewGroup(来自 Activity 的布局)。savedInstanceState 参数是在恢复Fragment时,提供上一个Fragment实例相关数据的 Bundle。(同样与 Activity 一样,假使 Activity 的进程被终止,而您需要在重建 Activity 时恢复Fragment状态,您也可以使用 Bundle 保留Fragment的状态。您可以在Fragment的 onSaveInstanceState() 回调期间保存状态,并可在 onCreate()、onCreateView() 或 onActivityCreated() 期间恢复状态。如需了解有关保存状态的详细信息,请参阅 Activity 文档)

inflate() 方法带有三个参数:

1.您想要扩展的布局的资源 ID;
2.将作为扩展布局父项的 ViewGroup。传递 container 对系统向扩展布局的根视图(由其所属的父视图指定)应用布局参数具有重要意义;
3.指示是否应该在扩展期间将扩展布局附加至 ViewGroup(第二个参数)的布尔值。(在本例中,其值为 false,因为系统已经将扩展布局插入 container — 传递 true 值会在最终布局中创建一个多余的视图组。)

 

Fragment2.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment android:name="example.com.fragment_rumen.Fragment1"
        android:id="@+id/list"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <fragment android:name="example.com.fragment_rumen.Fragment2"
        android:id="@+id/viewer"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

笔记批注:

       可以看到,使用<fragment>标签在布局中添加碎片,其中我们需要指定android:name属性来显式指明要添加的碎片类名,记得一定要把包名加上。<fragment> 中的 android:name 属性指定要在布局中实例化的 Fragment 类。当系统创建此 Activity 布局时(setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)),会实例化在布局中指定的每个fragment,并为每个fragment调用 onCreateView() 方法,以检索每个fragment的布局(这里是R.layout.fragmemt1和R.layout.fragment2)。系统会直接插入fragment返回的 View 来替代 <fragment> 元素。

MainActivity.java

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

至于MainActivity,由于我们使用的V4包,必须将MainActivity派生自FragmentActivity,否则根本无法启动程序!报错Trying to instantiate a class example.com.fragment_rumen.Fragment1 that is not a Fragment。因为系统的Activity只能用来盛装系统自带的Fragment,而无法盛装V4包中的Fragment,因为系统的Activity根本无法识别V4包中的Fragment,因为这根本就不是一块的代码!如果不使用V4包,使用系统自带的Fragment则不必将MainActivity派生自FragmentActivity。

那为什么这里extends AppCompatActivity可以,但是extends Activity会报错呢?

public class AppCompatActivity extends android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity implements android.support.v7.app.AppCompatCallback, android.support.v4.app.TaskStackBuilder.SupportParentable, android.support.v7.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle.DelegateProvider

继承了FragmentActivity,所以不报错。

 

这种简单的碎片用法实际不会采用,用于理解,接下来看看高级一点的使用。

 

 

动态添加碎片

动态添加碎片主要分为5步。

1.创建待添加碎片的的实例。

2.获取FragmentManager,在活动中可以直接通过调用getSupportFragmentManager()方法得到。

3.开启一个事务,通过调用beginTransaction()方法开启。

4.向容器中添加或替换碎片,一般使用replace()方法实现,需要传入容器的id和待添加的碎片实例。

5.提交事务,调用commit()方法来完成。

 

目录结构

 

MainActivity.java

import android.graphics.Point;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Point point = new Point();
        getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRealSize(point);
        int width = point.x;
        int height = point.y;
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        if (height > width) { // 竖屏
            // android.R.id.content 代表当前手机的窗体
            fragmentTransaction.replace(android.R.id.content, new Fragment1());
        } else { // 横屏
            fragmentTransaction.replace(android.R.id.content, new Fragment2());
        }
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }
}

笔记批注:

       关于Fragment有两个不同的包下的Fragment选择,一个是系统内置的android.app.Fragment,一个是support-v4库中的android.support.v4.app.Fragment。这里强烈建议使用support-v4库中的Fragment,因为它可以让碎片在所有android系统版本中保持功能的一致性。比如Fragment是api11(android 3.0)才开始支持的,在之前系统版本的手机中无法运行。又比如在Fragment中嵌套Fragment,这个功能是在api 17(android 4.2)才开始支持的,如果使用的是内置的Fragment,那么4.2之前的系统设备运行就会崩溃,说是不支持的方法。而使用support-v4库中的Fragment就不会出现这个问题,会自动向下兼容,只要保证support-v4库是最新的就行的。

       另外,我们并不需要在build.gradle文件中添加support-v4库的依赖,因为build.gradle文件中已经添加了appcompat-v7库的依赖,而这个库会把support-v4库也一起引入进来。

Fragment1.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
    public Fragment1() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

Fragment2.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {
    public Fragment2() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

fragment1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment1竖屏的内容"
        android:textColor="#00ff00"/>
</LinearLayout>

fragment2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment2横屏的内容"
        android:textColor="#ff0000"/>
</LinearLayout>

运行结果:

 

 

模拟微信主界面

运行效果图:

目录结构

MainActivity.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void click(View view) {
        // 获取管理者
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_wx:
                fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll_layout, new WxFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.btn_contact:
                fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll_layout, new ContactFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.btn_discover:
                fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll_layout, new DiscoverFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.btn_me:
                fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll_layout, new MeFragment());
                break;
        }
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }
}

WxFragment.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class WxFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "WxFragment";

    public WxFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_wx, container, false);
        // 测试按钮如何点击
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_test).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG, "================onClick: ");
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

ContactFragment.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class ContactFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "WxFragment";

    public ContactFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_contact, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

DiscoverFragment.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class DiscoverFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "WxFragment";

    public DiscoverFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_discover, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

MeFragment.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 */
public class MeFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String TAG = "WxFragment";

    public MeFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_me, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_wx"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="click"
            android:text="微信" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_contact"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="click"
            android:text="通讯录" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_discover"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="click"
            android:text="发现" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_me"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="click"
            android:text="我" />
    </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

fragment_wx.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="我是微信模块的内容" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_test"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="测试" />
</LinearLayout>

fragment_contact.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="我是通讯录模块的内容" />
</LinearLayout>

fragment_discover.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="我是发现模块的内容" />
</LinearLayout>

fragment_me.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="22sp"
        android:textColor="#ff1234"
        android:text="我是me模块的内容" />
</LinearLayout>

 

 

Fragment之间的通信

示例效果图:

目录结构图:

 

MainActivity.java

import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll1, new Fragment1());
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.ll2, new Fragment2());

        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }
}

Fragment1.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
    // 当系统第一次绘制UI的时候调用,通过这个方法让fragment显示自己的布局
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_update).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 通过fragment的公共桥梁---->activity
                Fragment2 fragment2 = (Fragment2) getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.ll2);
                fragment2.setText("hello world!");
                // 不能通过new对象操作,会空指针异常,找不到textview控件,因为new出来不会执行CreateView
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

Fragment2.java

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv_content;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container, false);
        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        return view;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        tv_content.setText(text);
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:orientation="vertical">

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

fragment1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_update"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="按钮"/>
</LinearLayout>

fragment2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment2的内容"
        android:textColor="#ff0000"/>
</LinearLayout>

 

====================Talk is cheap, show me the code=====================

posted @ 2018-11-11 16:15  绿叶萌飞  阅读(140)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报