Spring全局异常处理的三种方式

  在J2EE项目的开发中,不管是对底层的数据库操作过程,还是业务层的处理过程,还是控制层的处理过程,都不可避免会遇到各种可预知的、不可预知的异常需要处理。每个过程都单独处理异常,系统的代码耦合度高,工作量大且不好统一,维护的工作量也很大。 那么,能不能将所有类型的异常处理从各处理过程解耦出来,这样既保证了相关处理过程的功能较单一,也实现了异常信息的统一处理和维护?答案是肯定的。下面将介绍使用Spring MVC统一处理异常的解决和实现过程。

  • 使用Spring MVC提供的SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
  • 实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器
  • 使用@ExceptionHandler注解实现异常处理

  (一) SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 
  使用这种方式具有集成简单、有良好的扩展性、对已有代码没有入侵性等优点,但该方法仅能获取到异常信息,若在出现异常时,对需要获取除异常以外的数据的情况不适用。

 1 @Configuration
 2 @EnableWebMvc
 3 @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.balbala.mvc.web"})
 4 public class WebMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
 5   @Bean
 6     public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver()
 7     {
 8         SimpleMappingExceptionResolver b = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
 9         Properties mappings = new Properties();
10         mappings.put("org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound", "page-404");
11         mappings.put("org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException", "data-access");
12         mappings.put("org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException", "transaction-Failure");
13         b.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
14         return b;
15     }
16 }

  (二) HandlerExceptionResolver
  相比第一种来说,HandlerExceptionResolver能准确显示定义的异常处理页面,达到了统一异常处理的目标
  1.定义一个类实现HandlerExceptionResolver接口

 1 public class GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {   
 2  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalHandlerExceptionResolver.class);                 
 3    /**     
 4     * 在这里处理所有得异常信息     
 5     */    
 6    @Override    
 7    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest req,                                         HttpServletResponse resp, Object o, Exception ex) {   
 8        ex.printStackTrace();     
 9        if (ex instanceof AthenaException) {    
10            //AthenaException为一个自定义异常
11            ex.printStackTrace();         
12            printWrite(ex.toString(), resp);     
13            return new ModelAndView();  
14         }    
15        //RspMsg为一个自定义处理异常信息的类  
16        //ResponseCode为一个自定义错误码的接口
17        RspMsg unknownException = null;      
18        if (ex instanceof NullPointerException) {        
19            unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, "业务判空异常", null);
20        } else {          
21            unknownException = new RspMsg(ResponseCode.CODE_UNKNOWN, ex.getMessage(), null);        }      
22            printWrite(unknownException.toString(), resp);   
23            return new ModelAndView();   
24    }  
25 
26    /**     
27    * 将错误信息添加到response中     
28    *     
29    * @param msg     
30    * @param response     
31    * @throws IOException     
32    */   
33     public static void printWrite(String msg, HttpServletResponse response) {      
34          try {           
35              PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();        
36              pw.write(msg);       
37              pw.flush();       
38              pw.close();      
39           } catch (Exception e) {          
40              e.printStackTrace();      
41           }   
42     }
43 }

  这种方式实现的异常处理,可以针对不同的异常和自己定义的异常码进行翻译,然后输出到response中,在前端展示。

  (三)@ExceptionHandler

  1.首先定义一个父类,实现一些基础的方法

 1 public class BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {    
 2      protected static final Logger logger = null;   
 3      protected static final String DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE = "系统忙,请稍后再试"; 
 4 
 5      protected ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e, String viewName, HttpStatus status) throws Exception {    
 6          if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(e.getClass(), ResponseStatus.class) != null)       
 7          throw e;     
 8          String errorMsg = e instanceof MessageException ? e.getMessage() : DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE;        
 9          String errorStack = Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e);   
10 
11          getLogger().error("Request: {} raised {}", req.getRequestURI(), errorStack);       
12          if (Ajax.isAjax(req)) {        
13               return handleAjaxError(rsp, errorMsg, status);   
14          }        
15          return handleViewError(req.getRequestURL().toString(), errorStack, errorMsg, viewName);  
16      }   
17 
18      protected ModelAndView handleViewError(String url, String errorStack, String errorMessage, String viewName) {        
19           ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();       
20           mav.addObject("exception", errorStack);        
21           mav.addObject("url", url);     
22           mav.addObject("message", errorMessage);  
23           mav.addObject("timestamp", new Date());        
24           mav.setViewName(viewName);    
25           return mav;   
26        }    
27 
28      protected ModelAndView handleAjaxError(HttpServletResponse rsp, String errorMessage, HttpStatus status) throws IOException {        
29             rsp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");       
30             rsp.setStatus(status.value());      
31             PrintWriter writer = rsp.getWriter();
32             writer.write(errorMessage);        
33             writer.flush();        
34             return null;    
35       }    
36 
37      public Logger getLogger() {       
38            return LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseGlobalExceptionHandler.class);
39      } 
40 }

  2.针对你需要捕捉的异常实现相对应的处理方式

 1 @ControllerAdvice
 2 public class GlobalExceptionHandler extends BaseGlobalExceptionHandler {    
 3 
 4       //比如404的异常就会被这个方法捕获
 5       @ExceptionHandler(NoHandlerFoundException.class)    
 6       @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)    
 7        public ModelAndView handle404Error(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception {    
 8              return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);    
 9        }    
10 
11       //500的异常会被这个方法捕获
12       @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)      
13       @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) 
14       public ModelAndView handleError(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp, Exception e) throws Exception { 
15              return handleError(req, rsp, e, "error-front", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);  
16       }    
17 
18      //TODO  你也可以再写一个方法来捕获你的自定义异常
19      //TRY NOW!!!
20 
21       @Override    
22       public Logger getLogger() {      
23             return LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);    
24       }
25 
26   }

 

posted @ 2017-06-29 21:40  ngulc  阅读(12642)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报