生产者-消费者模式
- 简介
生产者-消费者模式是经典的多线程设计模式,它为多线程间的协作提供了良好的解决方案。在生产者-消费者模式中,有两类线程:若干个生产者线程和若干个消费者线程。生产者负责提交用户请求,消费者用于具体的处理生产者提交的任务。生产者和消费者通过共享内存缓冲区进行数据通信。
生产者-消费者模式的基本结构如下图:
通过上图可以看出,生产者和消费者通过共享内存缓冲区进行通信,他们之间并不进行直接的通信,从而减少了他们之间的耦合,生产者不需要直到消费者的存在,消费者也不需要知道生产者的存在。内存缓冲区主要的功能是实现数据在多线程间的共享,此外,通过该缓冲区,还可以缓解生产者和消费者之间的性能差异。
- 生产者-消费者模式实现
下面以生产者-消费者模式的简单实现,介绍该模式的优点:
生产者代码:
1 public class Producer implements Runnable { 2 3 private volatile boolean isRunnig = true; 4 5 private BlockingQueue<PCData> queue;//缓冲队列 6 7 private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(); 8 9 private static final int SLEEPTIME = 1000; 10 11 12 public Producer(BlockingQueue<PCData> queue) { 13 this.queue = queue; 14 } 15 16 17 @Override 18 public void run() { 19 PCData pcData = null; 20 Random r = new Random(); 21 22 System.out.println("start producer id:"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); 23 24 try { 25 while(true){ 26 Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(SLEEPTIME)); 27 pcData = new PCData(count.incrementAndGet()); 28 System.out.println(pcData +"is put into queue"); 29 if(!queue.offer(pcData, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)){ 30 System.err.println("fail to put data:"+pcData); 31 } 32 } 33 } catch (Exception e) { 34 // TODO: handle exception 35 e.printStackTrace(); 36 Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 37 } 38 39 } 40 41 public void stop(){ 42 isRunnig = false; 43 } 44 45 46 }
消费者代码:
1 public class Consumer implements Runnable { 2 3 private BlockingQueue<PCData> queue;//缓冲队列 4 5 private static final int SLEEPTIME=1000; 6 7 8 9 public Consumer(BlockingQueue<PCData> queue) { 10 this.queue = queue; 11 } 12 13 14 15 @Override 16 public void run() { 17 System.out.println("start constomer id:"+Thread.currentThread().getId()); 18 Random r = new Random(); 19 try { 20 while(true){ 21 PCData data = queue.take(); 22 int re = data.getIntData()*data.getIntData(); 23 System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("{0}*{1}={2}", data.getIntData(),data.getIntData(),re)); 24 25 Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(SLEEPTIME)); 26 } 27 } catch (Exception e) { 28 // TODO: handle exception 29 e.printStackTrace(); 30 Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 31 } 32 33 } 34 35 }
消费者、生产者之间的共享数据模型:
1 public final class PCData { 2 private final int intData; 3 4 public PCData(int intData) { 5 this.intData = intData; 6 } 7 8 public PCData(String strData){ 9 this.intData = Integer.valueOf(strData); 10 } 11 12 public synchronized int getIntData() { 13 return intData; 14 } 15 16 @Override 17 public String toString() { 18 return "data:" + intData; 19 } 20 21 22 23 }
在客户端中,启动3个消费者和3个生产者,并让他们协作运行:
1 public class Client { 2 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 3 BlockingQueue<PCData> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<PCData>(10); 4 5 Producer p1 = new Producer(queue); 6 Producer p2 = new Producer(queue); 7 Producer p3 = new Producer(queue); 8 9 Consumer c1 = new Consumer(queue); 10 Consumer c2 = new Consumer(queue); 11 Consumer c3 = new Consumer(queue); 12 13 ExecutorService exe = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); 14 exe.execute(p1); 15 exe.execute(p2); 16 exe.execute(p3); 17 18 exe.execute(c1); 19 exe.execute(c2); 20 exe.execute(c3); 21 22 Thread.sleep(10*1000); 23 24 p1.stop(); 25 p2.stop(); 26 p3.stop(); 27 28 Thread.sleep(3000); 29 exe.shutdown(); 30 } 31 }
优点:生产者-消费者模式能很好的对生产者线程和消费者线程进行解耦,优化系统的整体结构。同时,由于缓冲区的存在,运行生产者和消费者在性能上存在一定的差异,从而一定程度上缓解了性能瓶颈对系统性能的影响。