生产者-消费者模式

  • 简介

  生产者-消费者模式是经典的多线程设计模式,它为多线程间的协作提供了良好的解决方案。在生产者-消费者模式中,有两类线程:若干个生产者线程和若干个消费者线程。生产者负责提交用户请求,消费者用于具体的处理生产者提交的任务。生产者和消费者通过共享内存缓冲区进行数据通信。

  生产者-消费者模式的基本结构如下图:

  通过上图可以看出,生产者和消费者通过共享内存缓冲区进行通信,他们之间并不进行直接的通信,从而减少了他们之间的耦合,生产者不需要直到消费者的存在,消费者也不需要知道生产者的存在。内存缓冲区主要的功能是实现数据在多线程间的共享,此外,通过该缓冲区,还可以缓解生产者和消费者之间的性能差异。

  • 生产者-消费者模式实现

  下面以生产者-消费者模式的简单实现,介绍该模式的优点:

  生产者代码:

 1 public class Producer implements Runnable {
 2     
 3     private volatile boolean isRunnig = true;
 4     
 5     private BlockingQueue<PCData> queue;//缓冲队列
 6     
 7     private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
 8     
 9     private static final int SLEEPTIME = 1000;
10     
11     
12     public Producer(BlockingQueue<PCData> queue) {
13         this.queue = queue;
14     }
15 
16 
17     @Override
18     public void run() {
19         PCData pcData = null;
20         Random r = new Random();
21         
22         System.out.println("start producer id:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
23         
24         try {
25             while(true){
26                 Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(SLEEPTIME));
27                 pcData = new PCData(count.incrementAndGet());
28                 System.out.println(pcData +"is put into queue");
29                 if(!queue.offer(pcData, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)){
30                     System.err.println("fail to put data:"+pcData);
31                 }
32             }
33         } catch (Exception e) {
34             // TODO: handle exception
35             e.printStackTrace();
36             Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
37         }
38         
39     }
40     
41     public void stop(){
42         isRunnig = false;
43     }
44     
45 
46 }

  消费者代码:

 1 public class Consumer implements Runnable {
 2     
 3     private BlockingQueue<PCData> queue;//缓冲队列
 4     
 5     private static final int SLEEPTIME=1000;
 6     
 7     
 8     
 9     public Consumer(BlockingQueue<PCData> queue) {
10         this.queue = queue;
11     }
12 
13 
14 
15     @Override
16     public void run() {
17         System.out.println("start constomer id:"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
18         Random r = new Random();
19         try {
20             while(true){
21                 PCData data = queue.take();
22                 int re = data.getIntData()*data.getIntData();
23                 System.out.println(MessageFormat.format("{0}*{1}={2}", data.getIntData(),data.getIntData(),re));
24                 
25                 Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(SLEEPTIME));
26             }
27         } catch (Exception e) {
28             // TODO: handle exception
29             e.printStackTrace();
30             Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
31         }
32         
33     }
34 
35 }

  消费者、生产者之间的共享数据模型:

 1 public final class PCData {
 2     private final int intData;
 3 
 4     public PCData(int intData) {
 5         this.intData = intData;
 6     }
 7     
 8     public PCData(String strData){
 9         this.intData = Integer.valueOf(strData);
10     }
11     
12     public synchronized int getIntData() {
13         return intData;
14     }
15 
16     @Override
17     public String toString() {
18         return "data:" + intData;
19     }
20     
21     
22     
23 }

  在客户端中,启动3个消费者和3个生产者,并让他们协作运行:

 1 public class Client {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
 3         BlockingQueue<PCData> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<PCData>(10); 
 4         
 5         Producer  p1 = new Producer(queue);
 6         Producer  p2 = new Producer(queue);
 7         Producer  p3 = new Producer(queue);
 8         
 9         Consumer  c1 = new Consumer(queue);
10         Consumer  c2 = new Consumer(queue);
11         Consumer  c3 = new Consumer(queue);
12         
13         ExecutorService exe = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
14         exe.execute(p1);
15         exe.execute(p2);
16         exe.execute(p3);
17         
18         exe.execute(c1);
19         exe.execute(c2);
20         exe.execute(c3);
21         
22         Thread.sleep(10*1000);
23         
24         p1.stop();
25         p2.stop();
26         p3.stop();
27         
28         Thread.sleep(3000);
29         exe.shutdown();
30     }
31 }    

  优点:生产者-消费者模式能很好的对生产者线程和消费者线程进行解耦,优化系统的整体结构。同时,由于缓冲区的存在,运行生产者和消费者在性能上存在一定的差异,从而一定程度上缓解了性能瓶颈对系统性能的影响。

posted @ 2016-03-23 23:04  ngulc  阅读(986)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报