动态拼接SQL语句
2017-09-07 20:25 lc_java 阅读(20107) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报1.参考官方文档
? if:字符判断
? choose (when, otherwise):分支选择
? trim (where, set):字符串截取;其中where标签封装查询条件,set标签封装修改条件
? foreach
2.if案例
1)在EmployeeMapper接口中添加一个方法:
//携带了哪个字段,查询条件就带上哪个字段的值
public List<Employee> getEmployeeByConditionIf(Employee employee);
2).如果要写下列的SQL语句,只要是不为空,就作为查询条件,如下所示,这样写实际上是有问题的,所以我们要写成动态SQL语句:
<select id="getEmployeeByConditionIf" resultType="com.neuedu.entity.Employee">
select *from tbl_employee where id = #{id} and user_name = #{userName} and email = #{email} and gender = #{gender}
</select>
3)用if标签改写为动态SQL,如下所示:
<select id="getEmployeeByConditionIf" resultType="com.neuedu.entity.Employee"> select *from tbl_employee where <!-- test:判断表达式(OGNL) OGNL参照PPT或者官方文档。 c:if test 从参数中取值进行判断 遇见特殊符号,应该去写转义字符:参考W3CSchool>>HTML>>ISO8859 --> <if test="id != null"> id = #{id} </if> <if test="userName != null && userName !=''"> and user_name = #{userName} </if> <if test="email != null and email.trim() != """> and email = #{email} </if> <!-- ognl会进行字符串和数字的转换判断;"0"==0,"1"==1 --> <if test="gender == 0 or gender == 1"> and gender = #{gender} </if> </select>
4).测试代码:
@Test public void testGetEmployee(){ EmployeeMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); Employee employee = new Employee(); employee.setId(1); employee.setUserName("张三丰"); employee.setEmail("sunwukong@163.com"); employee.setGender(1); List<Employee> list = mapper.getEmployeeByConditionIf(employee); System.out.println(list); }
但是仔细来说,上面的sql语句是有问题的,当我们不给动态sql语句传递id值的时候,sql语句的拼装就会有问题!
解决办法:
1>.给where后面加上1=1,以后的条件都可以使用and xxx了
2>.mybatis可以使用where标签来将所有的查询条件包括在内。mybatis就会将where标签中拼装的sql,
多出来的and或者or去掉!//需要注意:where标签只会去掉第一个多出来的and或者or
3.>也就是说使用where标签有时候还是不能解决问题的,那怎么办呢?我们这里可以使用trim标签!
2.trim标签:可以自定义字符串的截取规则
<select id="getEmployeeByConditionIf" resultType="com.neuedu.entity.Employee"> select *from tbl_employee <!-- 后面多出的and或者or where标签不能够解决 prefix="":前缀:trim标签体重是整个字符串拼串后的结果。 prefix给拼串后的整个字符串加一个前缀 prefixOverrides="": 前缀覆盖:去掉整个字符串前面多余的字符 suffix="":后缀 suffix给拼串后的整个字符串加一个后缀 suffixOverrides="": 后缀覆盖:去掉整个字符串后面多余的字符 --> <trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and"> <if test="id != null"> id = #{id} and </if> <if test="userName != null && userName !=''"> user_name = #{userName} and </if> <if test="email != null and email.trim() != """> email = #{email} and </if> <!-- ognl会进行字符串和数字的转换判断;"0"==0,"1"==1 --> <if test="gender==0 or gender==1"> gender = #{gender} </if> </trim> </select>
3.choose标签:分支选择,类似于Java中的带了break的switch...case
choose (when, otherwise):如果带了id,就用id查,如果带了userName就用userName查,只会进入其中一个!
案例演示:
1>.在EmployeeMapper接口中添加一个方法:
public List<Employee> getEmployeeByConditionChoose(Employee employee);
2>.sql映射文件
<!-- public List<Employee> getEmployeeByConditionChoose(Employee employee); --> <select id="getEmployeeByConditionChoose" resultType="com.neuedu.entity.Employee"> select *from tbl_employee <where> <!-- 如果带了id,就用id查,如果带了userName就用userName查,只会进入其中一个! --> <choose> <when test="id != null"> id = #{id} </when> <when test="userName != null"> user_name like #{userName} </when> <when test="email != null"> email = #{email} </when> <otherwise> 1=1 </otherwise> </choose> </where> </select>
4.trim 中的set标签(where, set):字符串截取;其中where标签封装查询条件,set标签封装修改条件
set元素会动态前置set关键字,同时也会消除无关的逗号。
1).在EmployeeMapper中添加一个更新的方法,如下所示:
public void updateEmp(Employee employee);
2)在sql映射文件中,填写相应的sql语句,如下所示【set标签可以将字段后面的逗号去掉】:
<update id="updateEmp"> update tbl_employee <set> <if test="userName != null"> user_name = #{userName}, </if> <if test="email != null"> email = #{email}, </if> <if test="gender != null"> gender = #{gender}, </if> </set> where id = #{id} </update>
测试类代码为:
@Test public void testGetEmployee(){ EmployeeMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); Employee employee = new Employee(); employee.setId(1); employee.setUserName("哈哈"); employee.setEmail("sunwukong@163.com"); employee.setGender(1); mapper.updateEmp(employee); } //当然上面的set标签我们也可以使用trim标签来代替,如下所示: <update id="updateEmp"> update tbl_employee <trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides=","> <if test="userName != null"> user_name = #{userName}, </if> <if test="email != null"> email = #{email}, </if> <if test="gender != null"> gender = #{gender}, </if> </trim> where id = #{id} </update>
5.foreach:遍历元素
动态SQL的另一个常用的操作是需要对一个集合进行遍历,通常在构建in条件语句的时候!
foreach元素允许指定一个集合,声明集合项和索引变量,并可以指定开闭匹配的字符串以及在迭代之间放置分隔符。
案例演示:
1>.在EmployeeMapper接口中加入一个方法,如下所示:
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionForeach(@Param("ids") List<Integer> ids);
2>.在MyBatis的sql映射文件中写相应的代码:
<!-- public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionForeach(List<Integer> ids); --> <select id="getEmpsByConditionForeach" resultType="com.neuedu.entity.Employee"> select * from tbl_employee where id in <!-- collection:指定要遍历的集合 item:将当前遍历出的元素赋值给指定的变量 separator:每个元素之间的分隔符 open:遍历出所有记过拼接一个开始的字符 close:遍历出所有结果拼接一个结束的字符 --> <foreach collection="ids" open="(" close=")" separator="," item="id"> #{id} </foreach> </select>
3.>测试类代码为:
@Test public void testGetEmployee(){ EmployeeMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); List<Integer> asList = Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4); List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionForeach(asList); for (Employee employee : emps) { System.out.println(employee); } }
foreach标签还可以用于批量保存数据,如下所示:
1.在EmployeeMapper接口类中添加批量插入的方法:
public void addEmps(@Param("emps") List<Employee> emps);
2.在EmployeeMapper.xml的sql映射文件中添加响应的语句:
<!-- public void addEmps(@Param("emps") List<Employee> emps); -->
<!-- MySQL下批量保存:可以foreach遍历,mysql支持values(),(),()语法 -->
<insert id="addEmps">
INSERT INTO tbl_employee(user_name,gender,email,d_id) VALUES
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.userName},#{emp.gender},#{emp.email},#{emp.depart.id})
</foreach>
</insert>
3.测试代码:
@Test
public void testGetEmployee(){
EmployeeMapper mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class);
List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<Employee>();
emps.add(new Employee(0, 1, "allen", "allen@163.com", new Department(1)));
emps.add(new Employee(0, 0, "tom", "tom@163.com", new Department(2)));
emps.add(new Employee(0, 1, "mux", "mux@163.com", new Department(1)));
mapper.addEmps(emps);
}