实验五
task1_1:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int min, max; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) { 43 int i; 44 45 *pmin = *pmax = x[0]; 46 47 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 48 if(x[i] < *pmin) 49 *pmin = x[i]; 50 else if(x[i] > *pmax) 51 *pmax = x[i]; 52 }
1.为了找到数组中的最大和最小值。2.都指向x[0]。
task1_2:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[], int n); 5 void output(int x[], int n); 6 int *find_max(int x[], int n); 7 8 int main() { 9 int a[N]; 10 int *pmax; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a, N); 14 15 printf("数据是: \n"); 16 output(a, N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 pmax = find_max(a, N); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("max = %d\n", *pmax); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[], int n) { 28 int i; 29 30 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 31 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[], int n) { 35 int i; 36 37 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 printf("%d ", x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 int *find_max(int x[], int n) { 43 int max_index = 0; 44 int i; 45 46 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 47 if(x[i] > x[max_index]) 48 max_index = i; 49 50 return &x[max_index]; 51 }
1.找到数组中的最小值。2.不可以,它试图将 x[0]
的地址赋给 ptr
所指向的内容。
task2_1:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char tmp[N]; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 strcpy(tmp, s1); 20 strcpy(s1, s2); 21 strcpy(s2, tmp); 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
1.sizeof(s1)=80,strlen(s1)=23。2.不能换,要替换的代码中s1是数组名,不能直接把内容赋值给数组名。3.s1和s3的内容交换了。
task2_2:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main() { 6 char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy"; 7 char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char *tmp; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 tmp = s1; 20 s1 = s2; 21 s2 = tmp; 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
1.s1中存放的是“···”的地址。sizeof(s1)计算的是指针本身占用的内存空间大小。strlen(s1)统计的是字符串的实际长度。2.可以交换。2_1中line6是定义一个数组存储语句。2_2中line6是定义一个指针指向语句的地址。3.交换的是s1和s2的地址。内存没有交换。
task3:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 int main() { 4 int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}}; 5 int i, j; 6 int *ptr1; // 指针变量,存放int类型数据的地址 7 int(*ptr2)[4]; // 指针变量,指向包含4个int元素的一维数组 8 9 printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); 10 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { 11 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 12 printf("%d ", x[i][j]); 13 printf("\n"); 14 } 15 16 printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n"); 17 for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { 18 printf("%d ", *ptr1); 19 20 if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) 21 printf("\n"); 22 } 23 24 printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n"); 25 for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) { 26 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 27 printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); 28 printf("\n"); 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
task4:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); // 函数声明 5 6 int main() { 7 char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; 8 9 printf("原始文本: \n"); 10 printf("%s\n", text); 11 12 replace(text, 'i', '*'); // 函数调用 注意字符形参写法,单引号不能少 13 14 printf("处理后文本: \n"); 15 printf("%s\n", text); 16 17 return 0; 18 } 19 20 // 函数定义 21 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) { 22 int i; 23 24 while(*str) { 25 if(*str == old_char) 26 *str = new_char; 27 str++; 28 } 29 }
task5:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x); 6 7 int main() { 8 char str[N]; 9 char ch; 10 11 while (printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str)!= NULL) { 12 printf("输入一个字符: "); 13 ch = getchar(); 14 15 printf("截断处理...\n"); 16 str_trunc(str, ch); 17 18 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); 19 getchar(); 20 } 21 22 return 0; 23 } 24 25 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x) { 26 int i, j; 27 28 for (i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) { 29 if (str[i] == x) { 30 break; 31 } 32 } 33 34 if (i == strlen(str)) { 35 return str; 36 } 37 38 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { 39 str[j] = str[j]; 40 } 41 42 str[j] = '\0'; 43 44 return str; 45 }
getchar是为了读取“\n”防止影响后面的多组输入。
task6:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 5 4 5 int check_id(char *str); 6 7 int main() 8 { 9 char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X", 10 "3301061996X0203301", 11 "53010220051126571", 12 "510104199211197977", 13 "53010220051126133Y"}; 14 int i; 15 16 for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) 17 if (check_id(pid[i])) 18 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); 19 else 20 printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); 21 22 return 0; 23 } 24 25 int check_id(char *str) { 26 int i, j; 27 if (strlen(str) == 18) { 28 for (j = 0; j < 17; j++) { 29 char targetChar = str[j]; 30 int ascii = (int)targetChar; 31 if (ascii < 48 || ascii > 57) { 32 return 0; 33 } 34 } 35 char lastChar = str[17]; 36 int lastAscii = (int)lastChar; 37 if ((lastAscii >= 48 && lastAscii <= 57) || lastAscii == 88) { 38 return 1; 39 } 40 } 41 return 0; 42 }
task7:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 void encoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明 4 void decoder(char *str, int n); // 函数声明 5 6 int main() { 7 char words[N]; 8 int n; 9 10 printf("输入英文文本: "); 11 gets(words); 12 13 printf("输入n: "); 14 scanf("%d", &n); 15 16 printf("编码后的英文文本: "); 17 encoder(words, n); // 函数调用 18 printf("%s\n", words); 19 20 printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); 21 decoder(words, n); // 函数调用 22 printf("%s\n", words); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 /*函数定义 28 功能:对s指向的字符串进行编码处理 29 编码规则: 30 对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其后第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变 31 */ 32 void encoder(char *str, int n) { 33 int i; 34 for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){ 35 if(str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<='z'){ 36 str[i]=(str[i]-'a'+n)%26+'a'; 37 } 38 else if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z'){ 39 str[i]=(str[i]-'A'+n)%26+'A'; 40 } 41 } 42 43 } 44 45 /*函数定义 46 功能:对s指向的字符串进行解码处理 47 解码规则: 48 对于a~z或A~Z之间的字母字符,用其前面第n个字符替换; 其它非字母字符,保持不变 49 */ 50 void decoder(char *str, int n) { 51 int i; 52 for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){ 53 if(str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<='z'){ 54 str[i]=(str[i]-'a'-n+26)%26+'a'; 55 }
56 else if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z'){ 57 str[i]=(str[i]-'A'-n+26)%26+'A'; 58 } 59 } 60 }
task8:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 4 int i,j; 5 char* temp; 6 for(i = 1; i < argc; i++){ 7 for(j=1;j<argc-i;j++){ 8 if(strcmp(argv[j],argv[j+1])>0){ 9 temp = argv[j]; 10 argv[j] = argv[j+1]; 11 argv[j+1] = temp; 12 } 13 14 } 15 } 16 17 for(i = 1; i < argc; ++i) 18 printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]); 19 20 return 0; 21 }