tree -l命令参考
一、简介
Keepalived是一个免费开源的,用C编写的类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制软件,具备我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第7层交换机的功能。主要提供loadbalancing(负载均衡)和 high-availability(高可用)功能,负载均衡实现需要依赖Linux的虚拟服务内核模块(ipvs),而高可用是通过VRRP协议实现多台机器之间的故障转移服务。
上图是Keepalived的功能体系结构,大致分两层:用户空间(user space)和内核空间(kernel space)。
内核空间:主要包括IPVS(IP虚拟服务器,用于实现网络服务的负载均衡)和NETLINK(提供高级路由及其他相关的网络功能)两个部份。
用户空间:
- WatchDog:负载监控checkers和VRRP进程的状况
- VRRP Stack:负载负载均衡器之间的失败切换FailOver,如果只用一个负载均稀器,则VRRP不是必须的。
- Checkers:负责真实服务器的健康检查healthchecking,是keepalived最主要的功能。换言之,可以没有VRRP Stack,但健康检查healthchecking是一定要有的。
- IPVS wrapper:用户发送设定的规则到内核ipvs代码
- Netlink Reflector:用来设定vrrp的vip地址等。
Keepalived的所有功能是配置keepalived.conf文件来实现的。
二、安装与配置
从官网下载keepalived,本文以版本1.2.24为例。
2.1 安装
[root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz [root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# tar -xzvf keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz [root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.24
[root@keepalived-nginx1 keepalived-1.2.24]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived [root@keepalived-nginx1 keepalived-1.2.24]# make && make install
2.2 配置
安装完成后,进入安装目录的etc目录下,将keepalived相应的配置文件拷贝到系统相应的目录当中。keepalived启动时会从/etc/keepalived目录下查找keepalived.conf配置文件,如果没有找到则使用默认的配置。/etc/keepalived目录安装时默认是没有安装的,需要手动创建。配置文件目录结构如下所示:
[root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# tree -l /usr/local/keepalived/etc/ /usr/local/keepalived/etc/ ├── keepalived │ ├── keepalived.conf │ └── samples │ ├── client.pem │ ├── dh1024.pem │ ├── keepalived.conf.fwmark │ ├── keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port │ ├── keepalived.conf.inhibit │ ├── keepalived.conf.IPv6 │ ├── keepalived.conf.misc_check │ ├── keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg │ ├── keepalived.conf.quorum │ ├── keepalived.conf.sample │ ├── keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK │ ├── keepalived.conf.SSL_GET │ ├── keepalived.conf.status_code │ ├── keepalived.conf.track_interface │ ├── keepalived.conf.virtualhost │ ├── keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress │ ├── keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync │ ├── root.pem │ └── sample.misccheck.smbcheck.sh ├── rc.d │ └── init.d │ └── keepalived └── sysconfig └── keepalived
分别对应系统目录(忽略samples目录):
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
将配置文件拷贝到系统对应的目录下:
[root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived [root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived [root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
[root@keepalived-nginx1 ~]# cd /etc/init.d/ [root@keepalived-nginx1 init.d]# chmod +x keepalived [root@keepalived-nginx1 init.d]# service keepalived start Starting keepalived: /bin/bash: keepalived: command not found [FAILED] [root@keepalived-nginx1 init.d]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/bin/ [root@keepalived-nginx1 init.d]# service keepalived start Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
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http://blog.csdn.net/xyang81/article/details/52554398