Android anr 分析方法
一。ANR(Application Not Responding)定义
在Android上，如果你的应用程序有一段时间响应不够灵敏，系统会向用户显示一个对话框，这个对话框称作应用程序无响应（ANR：Application Not Responding）对话框。用户可以选择“等待”而让程序继续运行，也可以选择“强制关闭”。所以一个流畅的合理的应用程序中不能出现anr，而让用户每次都要处理这个对话框。因此，在程序里对响应性能的设计很重要，这样系统不会显示ANR给用户。
二。出现ANR的原因
默认情况下，在android中Activity的最长执行时间是5秒，BroadcastReceiver的最长执行时间则是10秒。超出就会提示应用程序无响应（ANR：Application Not Responding）对话框。
三。三种常见anr类型
1：KeyDispatchTimeout(5 seconds) --主要类型
按键或触摸事件在特定时间（5秒）内无响应
2：BroadcastTimeout(10 seconds)
BroadcastReceiver在特定时间（10秒）内无法处理完成
3：ServiceTimeout(20 seconds) --小概率类型
Service在特定的时间（20秒）内无法处理完成
四。KeyDispatchTimeout
1.KeyDispatchTimeout定义
Akey or touch event was not dispatched within the specified time（按键或触摸事件在特定时间内无响应）
具体的超时时间的定义在framework下的
ActivityManagerService.java //How long we wait until we timeout on key dispatching. staticfinal int KEY_DISPATCHING_TIMEOUT = 5*1000
2.为什么会超时呢？
超时时间的计数一般是从按键分发给app开始。超时的原因一般有两种：
(1).当前的事件没有机会得到处理（即UI线程正在处理前一个事件，没有及时的完成或者looper被某种原因阻塞住了）
(2).当前的事件正在处理，但没有及时完成
3.如何避免KeyDispatchTimeout
(1).UI线程尽量只做跟UI相关的工作
(2).耗时的工作（比如数据库操作，I/O，连接网络或者别的有可能阻碍UI线程的操作）把它放入单独的线程处理
(3).尽量用Handler来处理UIthread和别的thread之间的交互
五。UI线程
说了那么多的UI线程，那么哪些属于UI线程呢？
UI线程主要包括如下：
Activity:onCreate(), onResume(), onDestroy(), onKeyDown(), onClick(),etc
AsyncTask: onPreExecute(), onProgressUpdate(), onPostExecute(), onCancel,etc
Mainthread handler: handleMessage(), post*(runnable r), etc
other
六。如何分析ANR生成的Traces
出现Application Not Responding的提示后，系统会将日志LOG写到到data\anr\traces.txt文件
举一个简单的例子，下面给出一段日志LOG供参考：
DALVIK THREADS: (mutexes: tll=0 tsl=0 tscl=0 ghl=0 hwl=0 hwll=0) "main" prio=5 tid=1 NATIVE | group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 obj=0x40025340 self=0xd180 | sysTid=1071 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=default handle=-1344994080 | schedstat=( 2355584448 1199910712 3410 ) at java.net.InetAddress.getaddrinfo(Native Method) at java.net.InetAddress.lookupHostByName(InetAddress.java:540) at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByNameImpl(InetAddress.java:333) at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByName(InetAddress.java:295) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpConnection.<init>(HttpConnection.java:100) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpConnection.<init>(HttpConnection.java:79) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpConnection$Address.connect(HttpConnection.java:353) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpConnectionPool.get(HttpConnectionPool.java:120) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.getHttpConnection(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:316) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.makeConnection(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:298) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:236) at org.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.getOutputStream(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:645) at com.rayray.cool.util.URLUtil.invokeURL(URLUtil.java:136) at com.rayray.cool.activity.WoDeJianYiActivity$1.onClick(WoDeJianYiActivity.java:173) at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2535) at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:9129) at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:618) at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:123) at android.os.Looper.loop(SourceFile:351) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3821) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:538) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:969) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:727) at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
出现ANR问题的原因就是上面红色代码中
at com.rayray.cool.activity.WoDeJianYiActivity$1.onClick(WoDeJianYiActivity.java:173) 是Android中Activity
at com.rayray.cool.util.URLUtil.invokeURL(URLUtil.java:136) 是一次耗时的联网请求
Activity中的按键事件在特定事件内未响应造成。
七。如何去分析ANR
先看个LOG:
04-01 13:12:11.572 I/InputDispatcher( 220): Application is not responding:Window{2b263310com.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivitypaused=false}. 5009.8ms since event, 5009.5ms since waitstarted
04-0113:12:11.572 I/WindowManager( 220): Input event dispatching timedout sending tocom.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivity
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/Process( 220): Sending signal. PID: 21404 SIG: 3---发生ANR的时间和生成trace.txt的时间
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/dalvikvm(21404):threadid=4: reacting to signal 3
……
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): ANR in com.android.email(com.android.email/.activity.SplitScreenActivity)
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): Reason:keyDispatchingTimedOut
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): Load: 8.68 / 8.37 / 8.53
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220):CPUusage from 4361ms to 699ms ago----CPU在ANR发生前的使用情况
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%21404/com.android.email: 1.3% user + 4.1% kernel / faults: 10 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 4.3%220/system_server: 2.7% user + 1.5% kernel / faults: 11 minor 2 major
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.9%52/spi_qsd.0: 0% user + 0.9% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%65/irq/170-cyttsp-: 0% user + 0.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%296/com.android.systemui: 0.5% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 100%TOTAL: 4.8% user + 7.6% kernel + 87% iowait
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220):CPUusage from 3697ms to 4223ms later:-- ANR后CPU的使用量
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 25%21404/com.android.email: 25% user + 0% kernel / faults: 191 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 16% 21603/__eas(par.hakan: 16% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 7.2% 21406/GC: 7.2% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 1.8% 21409/Compiler: 1.8% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%220/system_server: 0% user + 5.5% kernel / faults: 1 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5% 263/InputDispatcher: 0% user + 5.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 32%TOTAL: 28% user + 3.7% kernel
从LOG可以看出ANR的类型，CPU的使用情况，如果CPU使用量接近100%，说明当前设备很忙，有可能是CPU饥饿导致了ANR
如果CPU使用量很少，说明主线程被BLOCK了
如果IOwait很高，说明ANR有可能是主线程在进行I/O操作造成的
除了看LOG，解决ANR还得需要trace.txt文件，
如何获取呢？可以用如下命令获取
$chmod 777 /data/anr
$rm /data/anr/traces.txt
$ps
$kill -3PID
adbpull data/anr/traces.txt ./mytraces.txt
从trace.txt文件，看到最多的是如下的信息：
-----pid 21404 at 2011-04-0113:12:14 ----- Cmdline: com.android.email DALVIK THREADS: (mutexes: tll=0tsl=0 tscl=0 ghl=0 hwl=0 hwll=0) "main" prio=5 tid=1NATIVE | group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0obj=0x2aad2248 self=0xcf70 | sysTid=21404 nice=0 sched=0/0cgrp=[fopen-error:2] handle=1876218976 atandroid.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method) atandroid.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:119) atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:110) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3688) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:866) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:624) at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
说明主线程在等待下条消息进入消息队列。
八。Thread状态
ThreadState (defined at “dalvik/vm/thread.h “) THREAD_UNDEFINED = -1, /* makes enum compatible with int32_t */ THREAD_ZOMBIE = 0, /* TERMINATED */ THREAD_RUNNING = 1, /* RUNNABLE or running now */ THREAD_TIMED_WAIT = 2, /* TIMED_WAITING in Object.wait() */ THREAD_MONITOR = 3, /* BLOCKED on a monitor */ THREAD_WAIT = 4, /* WAITING in Object.wait() */ THREAD_INITIALIZING= 5, /* allocated, not yet running */ THREAD_STARTING = 6, /* started, not yet on thread list */ THREAD_NATIVE = 7, /* off in a JNI native method */ THREAD_VMWAIT = 8, /* waiting on a VM resource */ THREAD_SUSPENDED = 9, /* suspended, usually by GC or debugger */
九。如何调查并解决ANR
1：首先分析log
2: 从trace.txt文件查看调用stack.
3: 看代码
4：仔细查看ANR的成因（iowait?block?memoryleak?）
十。案例
案例1：关键词:ContentResolver in AsyncTask onPostExecute, high iowait
Process:com.android.email Activity:com.android.email/.activity.MessageView Subject:keyDispatchingTimedOut CPU usage from 2550ms to -2814ms ago: 5%187/system_server: 3.5% user + 1.4% kernel / faults: 86 minor 20major 4.4% 1134/com.android.email: 0.7% user + 3.7% kernel /faults: 38 minor 19 major 4% 372/com.android.eventstream: 0.7%user + 3.3% kernel / faults: 6 minor 1.1% 272/com.android.phone:0.9% user + 0.1% kernel / faults: 33 minor 0.9%252/com.android.systemui: 0.9% user + 0% kernel 0%409/com.android.eventstream.telephonyplugin: 0% user + 0% kernel /faults: 2 minor 0.1% 632/com.android.devicemonitor: 0.1% user + 0%kernel 100%TOTAL: 6.9% user + 8.2% kernel +84%iowait
-----pid 1134 at 2010-12-17 17:46:51 ----- Cmd line:com.android.email DALVIK THREADS: (mutexes: tll=0 tsl=0tscl=0 ghl=0 hwl=0 hwll=0) "main" prio=5 tid=1 WAIT |group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 obj=0x2aaca180self=0xcf20 | sysTid=1134 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=[fopen-error:2]handle=1876218976 at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method) -waiting on <0x2aaca218> (a java.lang.VMThread) atjava.lang.Thread.parkFor(Thread.java:1424) atjava.lang.LangAccessImpl.parkFor(LangAccessImpl.java:48) atsun.misc.Unsafe.park(Unsafe.java:337) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:157) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:808) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:841) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1171) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$FairSync.lock(ReentrantLock.java:200) atjava.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lock(ReentrantLock.java:261) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.lock(SQLiteDatabase.java:378) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.<init>(SQLiteCursor.java:222) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.query(SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.java:53) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.rawQueryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1356) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.queryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1235) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1189) atandroid.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1271) atcom.android.email.provider.EmailProvider.query(EmailProvider.java:1098) atandroid.content.ContentProvider$Transport.query(ContentProvider.java:187) atandroid.content.ContentResolver.query(ContentResolver.java:268) atcom.android.email.provider.EmailContent$Message.restoreMessageWithId(EmailContent.java:648) atcom.android.email.Controller.setMessageRead(Controller.java:658) atcom.android.email.activity.MessageView.onMarkAsRead(MessageView.java:700) atcom.android.email.activity.MessageView.access$2500(MessageView.java:98) atcom.android.email.activity.MessageView$LoadBodyTask.onPostExecute(MessageView.java:1290) atcom.android.email.activity.MessageView$LoadBodyTask.onPostExecute(MessageView.java:1255) atandroid.os.AsyncTask.finish(AsyncTask.java:417) atandroid.os.AsyncTask.access$300(AsyncTask.java:127) atandroid.os.AsyncTask$InternalHandler.handleMessage(AsyncTask.java:429) atandroid.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) atandroid.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3652) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteIn
原因：IOWait很高，说明当前系统在忙于I/O，因此数据库操作被阻塞
原来：
finalMessagemessage=Message.restoreMessageWithId(mProviderContext,messageId);
if(message==null){
return;
}
Accountaccount=Account.restoreAccountWithId(mProviderContext,message.mAccountKey);
if(account==null){
return;//isMessagingController returns false for null, but let's make itclear.
}
if(isMessagingController(account)){
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run(){
mLegacyController.processPendingActions(message.mAccountKey);
}
}.start();
}
解决后：
newThread() {
finalMessagemessage=Message.restoreMessageWithId(mProviderContext,messageId);
if(message==null){
return;
}
Accountaccount=Account.restoreAccountWithId(mProviderContext,message.mAccountKey);
if(account==null){
return;//isMessagingController returns false for null, but let's make itclear.
}
if(isMessagingController(account)) {
mLegacyController.processPendingActions(message.mAccountKey);
}
}.start();
关于AsyncTask: http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html
案例2：关键词:在UI线程进行网络数据的读写
ANRin process: com.android.mediascape:PhotoViewer (last incom.android.mediascape:PhotoViewer) Annotation:keyDispatchingTimedOut CPU usage: Load: 6.74 / 6.89 / 6.12 CPUusage from 8254ms to 3224ms ago: ovider.webmedia: 4% = 4% user +0% kernel / faults: 68 minor system_server: 2% = 1% user + 0%kernel / faults: 18 minor re-initialized>: 0% = 0% user + 0%kernel / faults: 50 minor events/0: 0% = 0% user + 0%kernel TOTAL:7% = 6% user + 1% kernel
DALVIKTHREADS: ""main"" prio=5 tid=3 NATIVE |group=""main"" sCount=1 dsCount=0 s=Yobj=0x4001b240 self=0xbda8 | sysTid=2579 nice=0 sched=0/0cgrp=unknown handle=-1343993184 atorg.apache.harmony.luni.platform.OSNetworkSystem.receiveStreamImpl(NativeMethod) atorg.apache.harmony.luni.platform.OSNetworkSystem.receiveStream(OSNetworkSystem.java:478) atorg.apache.harmony.luni.net.PlainSocketImpl.read(PlainSocketImpl.java:565) atorg.apache.harmony.luni.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:87) atorg.apache.harmony.luni.internal.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection$LimitedInputStream.read(HttpURLConnection.java:303) atjava.io.InputStream.read(InputStream.java:133) atjava.io.BufferedInputStream.fillbuf(BufferedInputStream.java:157) atjava.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:346) atandroid.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeStream(Native Method) atandroid.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:459) atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.getPreviewImage(PhotoViewerActivity.java:4465) atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.dispPreview(PhotoViewerActivity.java:4406) atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity.access$6500(PhotoViewerActivity.java:125) atcom.android.mediascape.activity.PhotoViewerActivity$33$1.run(PhotoViewerActivity.java:4558) atandroid.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587) atandroid.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92) atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) atandroid.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4370) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:868) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:626) atdalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 关于网络连接，在设计的时候可以设置个timeout的时间或者放入独立的线程来处理。 关于Handler的问题，可以参考：http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Handler.html 案例3： 关键词：Memoryleak/Thread leak 11-1621:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190): ANR in process:android.process.acore (last in android.process.acore) 11-1621:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190): Annotation:keyDispatchingTimedOut 11-16 21:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager(1190): CPU usage: 11-16 21:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190):Load: 11.5 / 11.1 / 11.09 11-16 21:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager(1190): CPU usage from 9046ms to 4018ms ago: 11-16 21:41:42.560I/ActivityManager( 1190): d.process.acore:98%= 97% user + 0% kernel / faults: 1134 minor 11-16 21:41:42.560I/ActivityManager( 1190): system_server: 0% = 0% user + 0% kernel /faults: 1 minor 11-16 21:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager( 1190): adbd:0% = 0% user + 0% kernel 11-16 21:41:42.560 I/ActivityManager(1190): logcat: 0% = 0% user + 0% kernel 11-16 21:41:42.560I/ActivityManager( 1190): TOTAL:100% = 98% user + 1% kernel Cmdline: android.process.acore DALVIK THREADS: "main"prio=5 tid=3 VMWAIT |group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 s=N obj=0x40026240self=0xbda8 | sysTid=1815 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=unknownhandle=-1344001376 atdalvik.system.VMRuntime.trackExternalAllocation(NativeMethod) atandroid.graphics.Bitmap.nativeCreate(Native Method) atandroid.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:468) atandroid.view.View.buildDrawingCache(View.java:6324) atandroid.view.View.getDrawingCache(View.java:6178) atandroid.view.ViewGroup.drawChild(ViewGroup.java:1541) …… atcom.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.draw(PhoneWindow.java:1830) atandroid.view.ViewRoot.draw(ViewRoot.java:1349) atandroid.view.ViewRoot.performTraversals(ViewRoot.java:1114) atandroid.view.ViewRoot.handleMessage(ViewRoot.java:1633) atandroid.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) atandroid.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4370) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:868) atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:626) atdalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) "Thread-408"prio=5 tid=329 WAIT |group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 s=N obj=0x46910d40self=0xcd0548 | sysTid=10602 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=unknownhandle=15470792 at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method) -waiting on <0x468cd420> (a java.lang.Object) atjava.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:288) atcom.android.dialer.CallLogContentHelper$UiUpdaterExecutor$1.run(CallLogContentHelper.java:289) atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1096)
分析：
atdalvik.system.VMRuntime.trackExternalAllocation(NativeMethod)内存不足导致block在创建bitmap上
**MEMINFO in pid 1360 [android.process.acore] **
native dalvik other total
size: 17036 23111 N/A 40147
allocated: 16484 20675 N/A 37159
free: 296 2436 N/A 2732
解决：如果机器的内存族，可以修改虚拟机的内存为36M或更大，不过最好是复查代码，查看哪些内存没有释放
