sql优化之（DMV）
监控 SQL Server (2005/2008) 的运行状况--来自微软TetchNet
原文地址：
http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/bb838723.aspx
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 提供了一些工具来监控数据库。方法之一是动态管理视图。动态管理视图 (DMV) 和动态管理函数 (DMF) 返回的服务器状态信息可用于监控服务器实例的运行状况、诊断问题和优化性能。
常规服务器动态管理对象包括：
-
dm_db_*：数据库和数据库对象
-
dm_exec_*：执行用户代码和关联的连接
-
dm_os_*：内存、锁定和时间安排
-
dm_tran_*：事务和隔离
-
dm_io_*：网络和磁盘的输入/输出
此部分介绍为监控 SQL Server 运行状况而针对这些动态管理视图和函数运行的一些常用查询。
摘录部分精彩SQL如下：
下面的查询显示 CPU 平均占用率最高的前 50 个 SQL 语句。
SELECT TOP 50
total_worker_time/execution_count AS [Avg CPU Time],
(SELECT SUBSTRING(text,statement_start_offset/2,(CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = -1 then LEN(CONVERT(nvarchar(max), text)) * 2 ELSE statement_end_offset end -statement_start_offset)/2) FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) AS query_text, *
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats
ORDER BY [Avg CPU Time] DESC
total_worker_time/execution_count AS [Avg CPU Time],
(SELECT SUBSTRING(text,statement_start_offset/2,(CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = -1 then LEN(CONVERT(nvarchar(max), text)) * 2 ELSE statement_end_offset end -statement_start_offset)/2) FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) AS query_text, *
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats
ORDER BY [Avg CPU Time] DESC
下面的查询显示一些可能占用大量 CPU 使用率的运算符（例如 ‘%Hash Match%’、‘%Sort%’）以找出可疑对象。
select *
from
sys.dm_exec_cached_plans
cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle)
where
cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Sort%'
or cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Hash Match%'
from
sys.dm_exec_cached_plans
cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle)
where
cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Sort%'
or cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Hash Match%'
运行下面的 DMV 查询以查看 CPU、计划程序内存和缓冲池信息。
select
cpu_count,
hyperthread_ratio,
scheduler_count,
physical_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024 as physical_memory_mb,
virtual_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024 as virtual_memory_mb,
bpool_committed * 8 / 1024 as bpool_committed_mb,
bpool_commit_target * 8 / 1024 as bpool_target_mb,
bpool_visible * 8 / 1024 as bpool_visible_mb
from sys.dm_os_sys_info
cpu_count,
hyperthread_ratio,
scheduler_count,
physical_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024 as physical_memory_mb,
virtual_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024 as virtual_memory_mb,
bpool_committed * 8 / 1024 as bpool_committed_mb,
bpool_commit_target * 8 / 1024 as bpool_target_mb,
bpool_visible * 8 / 1024 as bpool_visible_mb
from sys.dm_os_sys_info
下面的示例查询显示已重新编译的前 25 个存储过程。plan_generation_num 指示该查询已重新编译的次数。
select top 25
sql_text.text,
sql_handle,
plan_generation_num,
execution_count,
dbid,
objectid
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats a
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as sql_text
where plan_generation_num > 1
order by plan_generation_num desc
sql_text.text,
sql_handle,
plan_generation_num,
execution_count,
dbid,
objectid
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats a
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as sql_text
where plan_generation_num > 1
order by plan_generation_num desc
下面的 DMV 查询可用于查找哪些批处理/请求生成的 I/O 最多。如下所示的 DMV 查询可用于查找可生成最多 I/O 的前五个请求。调整这些查询将提高系统性能。
select top 5
(total_logical_reads/execution_count) as avg_logical_reads,
(total_logical_writes/execution_count) as avg_logical_writes,
(total_physical_reads/execution_count) as avg_phys_reads,
Execution_count,
statement_start_offset as stmt_start_offset,
sql_handle,
plan_handle
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
order by (total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) Desc
(total_logical_reads/execution_count) as avg_logical_reads,
(total_logical_writes/execution_count) as avg_logical_writes,
(total_physical_reads/execution_count) as avg_phys_reads,
Execution_count,
statement_start_offset as stmt_start_offset,
sql_handle,
plan_handle
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
order by (total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) Desc
