启动oracle时找不到spfile文件，报ORA-01078和LRM-00109错误
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Apr 11 17:45:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oradata/oracle/112/dbs/initORCL.ora'
解决方法：
1.启动时指定pfile文件
SQL> startup pfile=/oradata/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.3102012232637
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 523108352 bytes
Fixed Size 1337632 bytes
Variable Size 314574560 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 5869568 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
2.启动后，重新创建spfile文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/oradata/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.3102012232637';
File created.
3.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
4.此时启动就不需要指定pfile文件了，默认以spfile文件启动
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 523108352 bytes
Fixed Size 1337632 bytes
Variable Size 314574560 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 5869568 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
