Unity PostProcess简要分析与总结
整体流程
后处理主要内容列表
- Ambient Occlusion
- Anti-aliasing
- Auto-exposure
- Bloom
- Chromatic Aberration
- Color Grading
- Deferred Fog
- Depth of Field
- Grain
- Lens Distortion
- Motion Blur
- Screen-space reflections
- Vignette
PostProcess Effect处理顺序
- Anti-aliasing
- Blur
Builtins:
DepthOfField
Uber Effects:
- AutoExposure
- LensDistortion
- CHromaticAberration
- Bloom
- Vignette
- Grain
- ColorGrading(tonemapping)
关键类
PostProcessResource 绑定shader资源
PostProcessRenderContext 重要参数缓存、
PostProcessLayer 后处理渲染控制类
PostProcessEffectRenderer 所有后处理Effect继承它,并实现其render接口
PostProcessEffectSettings Effect的面板、属性描述类
一个Effect一般包括
- 一个它自己的shader
- 一个UI描述类(CustomEffect,继承PostProcessEffectSettings)
- 一个渲染接口类(CustomEffectRender,继承PostProcessEffectRender)
自定义后处理
可以添加这几类后处理:BeforeTransparent,BeforeStack,AfterStack,这类后处理可以不修改原PostProcessing下的代码进行添加。
如果想添加Builtin阶段的后处理,那么一般在PostProcessing/Runtime/Effects下进行添加,这类后处理可能会修改PostProcessing下的代码或shader
核心函数
后处理的入口函数为PostProcessLayer::OnPreRender
核心渲染控制逻辑
1- BuildCommandBuffers
PostProcessLayer::BuildCommandBuffers
{
int tempRt = m_TargetPool.Get();
context.GetScreenSpaceTemporaryRT(m_LegacyCmdBuffer, tempRt, 0, sourceFormat, RenderTextureReadWrite.sRGB);
m_LegacyCmdBuffer.BuiltinBlit(cameraTarget, tempRt, RuntimeUtilities.copyStdMaterial, stopNaNPropagation ? 1 : 0);
context.command = m_LegacyCmdBuffer;
context.source = tempRt;
context.destination = cameraTarget;
Render(context);
...
}
该函数从摄像机拷贝了一份临时RT作为source,接着进入渲染阶段Render(context)
2- Render(context)
if (hasBeforeStackEffects)
lastTarget = RenderInjectionPoint(PostProcessEvent.BeforeStack, context, "BeforeStack", lastTarget);
// Builtin stack,Effects
lastTarget = RenderBuiltins(context, !needsFinalPass, lastTarget);
// After the builtin stack but before the final pass (before FXAA & Dithering)
if (hasAfterStackEffects)
lastTarget = RenderInjectionPoint(PostProcessEvent.AfterStack, context, "AfterStack", lastTarget);
// And close with the final pass
if (needsFinalPass)
RenderFinalPass(context, lastTarget);
这里最关键的是RenderBuiltins和RenderFinalPass
3- RenderBuiltins
这是后处理的关键逻辑
中间的大量Effect都是计算参数、获得各种Texture
最终使用Uber将各种效果混合到context.destination
int RenderBuiltins(PostProcessRenderContext context, bool isFinalPass, int releaseTargetAfterUse)
{
...
context.uberSheet = uberSheet;//context.resources.shaders.uber
....
cmd.BeginSample("BuiltinStack");
int tempTarget = -1;
var finalDestination = context.destination;//暂存 finalRT
if (!isFinalPass)
{
// Render to an intermediate target as this won't be the final pass
tempTarget = m_TargetPool.Get();
context.GetScreenSpaceTemporaryRT(cmd, tempTarget, 0, context.sourceFormat);
context.destination = tempTarget;//临时RT,临时destination
...
}
....
int depthOfFieldTarget = RenderEffect<DepthOfField>(context, true);
..
int motionBlurTarget = RenderEffect<MotionBlur>(context, true);
..
if (ShouldGenerateLogHistogram(context))
m_LogHistogram.Generate(context);
// Uber effects
RenderEffect<AutoExposure>(context);
uberSheet.properties.SetTexture(ShaderIDs.AutoExposureTex, context.autoExposureTexture);
RenderEffect<LensDistortion>(context);
RenderEffect<ChromaticAberration>(context);
RenderEffect<Bloom>(context);
RenderEffect<Vignette>(context);
RenderEffect<Grain>(context);
if (!breakBeforeColorGrading)
RenderEffect<ColorGrading>(context);
if (isFinalPass)
{
uberSheet.EnableKeyword("FINALPASS");
dithering.Render(context);
ApplyFlip(context, uberSheet.properties);
}
else
{
ApplyDefaultFlip(uberSheet.properties);
}
//使用uber shader混合前面的Effects的结果
cmd.BlitFullscreenTriangle(context.source, context.destination, uberSheet, 0);
context.source = context.destination;
context.destination = finalDestination;
...releaseRTs
cmd.EndSample("BuiltinStack");
return tempTarget;
}
RT
PostProcess中RT总览
可以看到保存渲染图象的RT都的RW都为sRGB
RT与sRGB
在客户端配置为linear-space,开启HDR的情况下 如果创建RT时,RenderTextureReadWrite为sRGB,也就是RT保存的是sRGB值,读值时,会自动进行sRGB->linear转化,写值时自动进行linear->sRGB转化
初始时,只有一个cameraTarget,它的RenderTextureReadWrite为sRGB 在进入Effects前,会拷贝一个临时RT作为context.source,他的RenderTextureReadWrite为sRGB
经过Anti-aliasing、Blur、Beforestack后,会将context.destination改为一个空白的临时RT(RW为sRGB)
在Uber最后的混合阶段,会将所有效果混合
RT的尺寸
通过PostProcessRenderContext.GetScreenSpaceTemporaryRT获取RT,其默认尺寸存储在PostProcessRenderContext.width,PostProcessRenderContext.height
设置PostProcessRenderContext.m_Camera会调用Camera.set,这里会处理默认RT尺寸
if (m_Camera.stereoEnabled)
{
#if UNITY_2017_2_OR_NEWER
var xrDesc = XRSettings.eyeTextureDesc;
width = xrDesc.width;
height = xrDesc.height;
screenWidth = XRSettings.eyeTextureWidth;
screenHeight = XRSettings.eyeTextureHeight;
#endif
}
else
{
width = m_Camera.pixelWidth;
height = m_Camera.pixelHeight;
...
}
除了几个主要RT,中间作为Uber的纹理参数的RT的尺寸都不一定与cameraRT尺寸一样。
典型的几个都是通过new RenderTexture创建的,他们的大小和格式都需要注意
Effects
Effects处理顺序
这里再次列出来
- Anti-aliasing
- Blur
Builtins:
DepthOfField
Uber Effects:
- AutoExposure
- LensDistortion
- CHromaticAberration
- Bloom
- Vignette
- Grain
- ColorGrading(tonemapping)
Uber Effects
说明
Uber Effects包括
- AutoExposure
- LensDistortion
- CHromaticAberration
- Bloom
- Vignette
- Grain
- ColorGrading(tonemapping)
- Uber混合阶段
其中Uber混合阶段之前的每个阶段会根据配置生成对应的参数和临时纹理,作为参数传递给Uber
同时如果某个阶段启用了,其render接口还会激活Uber中对应的关键字(比如Vignette的render极端会激活"VIGENETTE"),使用此方法来控制是Uber阶段是否执行某个阶段
Bloom
说明
Bloom 通过Downsample和Upsample得到一张BloomTex,这个过程需要确定迭代次数,每次使用的RT的尺寸
Bloom面板上有个关键参数Anamorphic Ratio([-1,1])能决定这些临时RT的尺寸
最终得到的BloomTex的尺寸就是第0次Downsample的尺寸,也就是(tw,th)
面板上的重要参数说明
- threshold :亮度分离阈值,比如大于改值的进行Bloom效果
- intensity :强度
- Anamorphic Ratio:决定bloomtex的尺寸,间接决定模糊迭代次数
Bloom 分为三步
- 分离原图中亮度较大的像素,进行降分辨率处理
- 把分离的亮度图进行高斯模糊
- 将模糊后的亮度图和原图进行叠加,这一步在uber阶段完成
Bloom临时RT尺寸、迭代次数确定
公式
代码
float ratio = Mathf.Clamp(settings.anamorphicRatio, -1, 1);
float rw = ratio < 0 ? -ratio : 0f;
float rh = ratio > 0 ? ratio : 0f;
int tw = Mathf.FloorToInt(context.screenWidth / (2f - rw));
int th = Mathf.FloorToInt(context.screenHeight / (2f - rh));
在DownSample迭代时,对应的RT的边长每次会减少一半
迭代次数iterations确定
int s = Mathf.Max(tw, th);
float logs = Mathf.Log(s, 2f) + Mathf.Min(settings.diffusion.value, 10f) - 10f;
int logs_i = Mathf.FloorToInt(logs);
int iterations = Mathf.Clamp(logs_i, 1, k_MaxPyramidSize);
float sampleScale = 0.5f + logs - logs_i;
sheet.properties.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.SampleScale, sampleScale);
Downsample和Upsample
shader
- Bloom.shader 核心shader
- Sampling.hlsl 若干采样函数
不同阶段使用的pass列表
Downsample
每次Downsample,RT边长会缩短一倍,同时创建了一对参数一样的临时RT,这些RT的(RW都为sRGB)
shader使用上
- 第0次使用的是 FragPrefilter13或FragPrefilter4
- 其他循环使用 FragDownsample13或Downsample4
var lastDown = context.source;
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
int mipDown = m_Pyramid[i].down;
int mipUp = m_Pyramid[i].up;
int pass = i == 0? (int)Pass.Prefilter13 + qualityOffset
: (int)Pass.Downsample13 + qualityOffset;
context.GetScreenSpaceTemporaryRT(cmd, mipDown, 0, context.sourceFormat, RenderTextureReadWrite.Default, FilterMode.Bilinear, tw, th);
context.GetScreenSpaceTemporaryRT(cmd, mipUp, 0, context.sourceFormat, RenderTextureReadWrite.Default, FilterMode.Bilinear, tw, th);
cmd.BlitFullscreenTriangle(lastDown, mipDown, sheet, pass);
lastDown = mipDown;
tw = Mathf.Max(tw / 2, 1);
th = Mathf.Max(th / 2, 1);
}
Upsample
int lastUp = m_Pyramid[iterations - 1].down;
for (int i = iterations - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
int mipDown = m_Pyramid[i].down;
int mipUp = m_Pyramid[i].up;
cmd.SetGlobalTexture(ShaderIDs.BloomTex, mipDown);
cmd.BlitFullscreenTriangle(lastUp, mipUp, sheet, (int)Pass.UpsampleTent + qualityOffset);
lastUp = mipUp;
}
Uber混合阶段
这个阶段在Uber Effects都执行完之后才执行,进行效果混合
这段逻辑在Uber.shader中
half4 bloom = UpsampleTent(TEXTURE2D_PARAM(_BloomTex, sampler_BloomTex), uvDistorted, _BloomTex_TexelSize.xy, _Bloom_Settings.x);
bloom *= _Bloom_Settings.y;
dirt *= _Bloom_Settings.z;
color += bloom * half4(_Bloom_Color, 1.0);
color += dirt * bloom;
这里将bloom颜色叠加到color上
Vignette
说明
聚焦,边缘darkening
效果略
有两个模式
- Classic 边缘黑化
- Masked 使用一张自定义图片覆盖在屏幕上,以实现特俗效果
Vignette重要工作都在Uber中执行,其Render部分只根据设置进行参数设置
var sheet = context.uberSheet;
sheet.EnableKeyword("VIGNETTE");
sheet.properties.SetColor(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Color, settings.color.value);
if (settings.mode == VignetteMode.Classic)
{
sheet.properties.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Mode, 0f);
sheet.properties.SetVector(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Center, settings.center.value);
float roundness = (1f - settings.roundness.value) * 6f + settings.roundness.value;
sheet.properties.SetVector(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Settings, new Vector4(settings.intensity.value * 3f, settings.smoothness.value * 5f, roundness, settings.rounded.value ? 1f : 0f));
}
else // Masked
{
sheet.properties.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Mode, 1f);
sheet.properties.SetTexture(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Mask, settings.mask.value);
sheet.properties.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.Vignette_Opacity, Mathf.Clamp01(settings.opacity.value));
}
Uber混合阶段
if (_Vignette_Mode < 0.5)
{
half2 d = abs(uvDistorted - _Vignette_Center) * _Vignette_Settings.x;
d.x *= lerp(1.0, _ScreenParams.x / _ScreenParams.y, _Vignette_Settings.w);
d = pow(saturate(d), _Vignette_Settings.z); // Roundness
half vfactor = pow(saturate(1.0 - dot(d, d)), _Vignette_Settings.y);
color.rgb *= lerp(_Vignette_Color, (1.0).xxx, vfactor);
color.a = lerp(1.0, color.a, vfactor);
}
else
{
half vfactor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_Vignette_Mask, sampler_Vignette_Mask, uvDistorted).a;
#if !UNITY_COLORSPACE_GAMMA
{
vfactor = SRGBToLinear(vfactor);
}
#endif
half3 new_color = color.rgb * lerp(_Vignette_Color, (1.0).xxx, vfactor);
color.rgb = lerp(color.rgb, new_color, _Vignette_Opacity);
color.a = lerp(1.0, color.a, vfactor);
}
Grain
效果略
grain是基于噪声模拟老式电影胶片的颗粒感,恐怖游戏中常用这中效果
它的Render部分是使用GrainBaker.shader中的算法生成一张128x128的GrainTex,Uber阶段将之混合到最终效果
Uber混合阶段
half3 grain = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_GrainTex, sampler_GrainTex, i.texcoordStereo * _Grain_Params2.xy + _Grain_Params2.zw).rgb;
// Noisiness response curve based on scene luminance
float lum = 1.0 - sqrt(Luminance(saturate(color)));
lum = lerp(1.0, lum, _Grain_Params1.x);
color.rgb += color.rgb * grain * _Grain_Params1.y * lum;
ColorGrading
说明
ColorGrading有三种模式:
HighDefinitionRange
LowDefinitionRange
External :要求支持compute shader 与3D RT
有三条管线,分别是
RenderExternalPipeline3D :要求支持compute shader 与3D RT
RenderHDRPipeline3D :要求支持compute shader 与3D RT
RenderHDRPipeline2D 当不支持compute shader和3D RT时,使用这个进行HDR color pipeline
RenderLDRPipeline2D
这里只考虑RenderHDRPipeline2D
RenderHDRPipeline2D
该阶段分为5个部分
- Tonemapping
- Basic
- Channel Mixer
- Trackballs
- Grading Curves
使用的shader为lut2DBaker,核心的文件还有Colors.hlsl、ACES.hlsl
目的是生成一张颜色查找表Lut2D,然后在Uber阶段,根据该表查找映射颜色,作为新的颜色值
Lut2D的RenderTextureReadWrite为Linear,也就是存储的是Linear数据
可选的,有3种Tonemapping方式:Neutral、ACES、Custom
这里只考虑ACES
根据配置设置好lut2DBaker的各个阶段的参数和特性后,就进入计算阶段
context.command.BeginSample("HdrColorGradingLut2D");
context.command.BlitFullscreenTriangle(BuiltinRenderTextureType.None, m_InternalLdrLut, lutSheet, (int)Pass.LutGenHDR2D);
context.command.EndSample("HdrColorGradingLut2D");
当计算结束,会把计算结果Lut2D作为参数出传递给Uber,同时还会设置对应参数,最后的颜色替换阶段在Uber中完成
uberSheet.EnableKeyword("COLOR_GRADING_HDR_2D");
uberSheet.properties.SetVector(ShaderIDs.Lut2D_Params, new Vector3(1f / lut.width, 1f / lut.height, lut.height - 1f));
uberSheet.properties.SetTexture(ShaderIDs.Lut2D, lut);
uberSheet.properties.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.PostExposure, RuntimeUtilities.Exp2(settings.postExposure.value));
Lut2DBaker
入口
float4 FragHDR(VaryingsDefault i) : SV_Target
{
float3 colorLutSpace = GetLutStripValue(i.texcoord, _Lut2D_Params);
float3 graded = ColorGradeHDR(colorLutSpace);
return float4(graded, 1.0);
}
float3 GetLutStripValue(float2 uv, float4 params)
{
uv -= params.yz;
float3 color;
color.r = frac(uv.x * params.x);
color.b = uv.x - color.r / params.x;
color.g = uv.y;
return color * params.w;
}
_Lut2D_Params是写死的,值为:
(lut_height, 0.5 / lut_width, 0.5 / lut_height, lut_height / lut_height - 1)
其中lut_height = 32;lut_width = 32*32
也就是说,该表的大小为(32*32,32)
下图是一个例子(这里观察到的结果与实际的存储值是不一致的)
ColorGradeHDR主要将HDR颜色转到ACES颜色空间,并进行tonemapping
//相关函数在Colors.hlsl中
float3 ColorGradeHDR(float3 colorLutSpace)
{
//得到HDR颜色
float3 colorLinear = LUT_SPACE_DECODE(colorLutSpace);
//
float3 aces = unity_to_ACES(colorLinear);
// ACEScc (log) space
float3 acescc = ACES_to_ACEScc(aces);
acescc = LogGradeHDR(acescc);
aces = ACEScc_to_ACES(acescc);
// ACEScg (linear) space
float3 acescg = ACES_to_ACEScg(aces);
acescg = LinearGradeHDR(acescg);
// Tonemap ODT(RRT(aces))
aces = ACEScg_to_ACES(acescg);
//tonemap
colorLinear = AcesTonemap(aces);
return colorLinear;
}
两个重要的映射函数
#define LUT_SPACE_ENCODE(x) LinearToLogC(x)
#define LUT_SPACE_DECODE(x) LogCToLinear(x) //在Uber中进行颜色映射时使用该接口
float3 LinearToLogC(float3 x)
{
return LogC.c * log10(LogC.a * x + LogC.b) + LogC.d;
}
float3 LogCToLinear(float3 x)
{
return (pow(10.0, (x - LogC.d) / LogC.c) - LogC.b) / LogC.a;
}
static const ParamsLogC LogC =
{
0.011361, // cut
5.555556, // a
0.047996, // b
0.244161, // c
0.386036, // d
5.301883, // e
0.092819 // f
};
LinearToLogC
公式
图像
LogCToLinear
公式
图像
Uber阶段
这里根据lut进行颜色映射
color *= _PostExposure;
float3 colorLutSpace = saturate(LUT_SPACE_ENCODE(color.rgb));
color.rgb = ApplyLut2D(TEXTURE2D_PARAM(_Lut2D, sampler_Lut2D), colorLutSpace, _Lut2D_Params);
这里使用LUT_SPACE_ENCODE将颜色映射到HDR空间,然后通过这个值在lut中查找到对应的颜色值,作为新的color
// 2D LUT grading
// scaleOffset = (1 / lut_width, 1 / lut_height, lut_height - 1)
//
half3 ApplyLut2D(TEXTURE2D_ARGS(tex, samplerTex), float3 uvw, float3 scaleOffset)
{
// Strip format where `height = sqrt(width)`
uvw.z *= scaleOffset.z;
float shift = floor(uvw.z);
uvw.xy = uvw.xy * scaleOffset.z * scaleOffset.xy + scaleOffset.xy * 0.5;
uvw.x += shift * scaleOffset.y;
uvw.xyz = lerp(
SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(tex, samplerTex, uvw.xy).rgb,
SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(tex, samplerTex, uvw.xy + float2(scaleOffset.y, 0.0)).rgb,
uvw.z - shift
);
return uvw;
}
Uber整合阶段
原始颜色假设为color0
color.rgb *= autoExposure;
//Bloom
color += dirt * bloom;
//Vignette
color.rgb = lerp(color.rgb, new_color, _Vignette_Opacity); color.a = lerp(1.0, color.a, vfactor);
//Grain
color.rgb += color.rgb * grain * _Grain_Params1.y * lum;
//COLOR_GRADING_HDR_2D
color.rgb = ApplyLut2D(TEXTURE2D_PARAM(_Lut2D, sampler_Lut2D), colorLutSpace, _Lut2D_Params);
之后,还会根据是否是final pass执行如下逻辑
非final pass
UNITY_BRANCH
if (_LumaInAlpha > 0.5)
{
// Put saturated luma in alpha for FXAA - higher quality than "green as luma" and
// necessary as RGB values will potentially still be HDR for the FXAA pass
half luma = Luminance(saturate(output));
output.a = luma;
}
#if UNITY_COLORSPACE_GAMMA
{
output = LinearToSRGB(output);
}
#endif
如果是sRGB工作空间,还会将结果进行gamma矫正
final pass
如果定义了UNITY_COLORSPACE_GAMMA
还需要将linear 转到 sRGB
#if UNITY_COLORSPACE_GAMMA
{
output = LinearToSRGB(output);
}
#endif
注意
Bloom一般开启fastmode,此模式下只采样4次,默认模式会采样13次