hashlib hmac configparser subprocess xlrd xlwt
import hashlib # 基本使用 cipher = hashlib.md5('需要加密的数据的二进制形式'.encode('utf-8')) print(cipher.hexdigest()) # 加密结果码 # 加盐 cipher = hashlib.md5() cipher.update('前盐'.encode('utf-8')) cipher.update('需要加密的数据'.encode('utf-8')) cipher.update('后盐'.encode('utf-8')) print(cipher.hexdigest()) # 加密结果码 # 其他算法 cipher = hashlib.sha3_256(b'') print(cipher.hexdigest()) cipher = hashlib.sha3_512(b'') print(cipher.hexdigest())
import hashlib
m=hashlib.md5()# m=hashlib.sha256()
m.update('hello'.encode('utf8'))
print(m.hexdigest()) #5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592
m.update('alvin'.encode('utf8'))
print(m.hexdigest()) #92a7e713c30abbb0319fa07da2a5c4af
m2=hashlib.md5()
m2.update('helloalvin'.encode('utf8'))
print(m2.hexdigest()) #92a7e713c30abbb0319fa07da2a5c4af
'''
注意：把一段很长的数据update多次，与一次update这段长数据，得到的结果一样
但是update多次为校验大文件提供了可能。
'''
hmac 模块
python 还有一个 hmac 模块，它内部对我们创建 key 和 内容 进行进一步的处理然后再加密:
1 import hmac 2 h = hmac.new('alvin'.encode('utf8')) 3 h.update('hello'.encode('utf8')) 4 print (h.hexdigest())#320df9832eab4c038b6c1d7ed73a5940
# 必须加盐 cipher = hmac.new('盐'.encode('utf-8')) cipher.update('数据'.encode('utf-8')) print(cipher.hexdigest()) #要想保证hmac最终结果一致，必须保证： #1:hmac.new括号内指定的初始key一样 #2:无论update多少次，校验的内容累加到一起是一样的内容 import hmac h1=hmac.new(b'egon') h1.update(b'hello') h1.update(b'world') print(h1.hexdigest()) h2=hmac.new(b'egon') h2.update(b'helloworld') print(h2.hexdigest()) h3=hmac.new(b'egonhelloworld') print(h3.hexdigest()) ''' f1bf38d054691688f89dcd34ac3c27f2 f1bf38d054691688f89dcd34ac3c27f2 bcca84edd9eeb86f30539922b28f3981 '''
configparser模块
# 注释1 ; 注释2 [section1] k1 = v1 k2:v2 user=egon age=18 is_admin=true salary=31 [section2] k1 = v1
读取
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('a.cfg') #查看所有的标题 res=config.sections() #['section1', 'section2'] print(res) #查看标题section1下所有key=value的key options=config.options('section1') print(options) #['k1', 'k2', 'user', 'age', 'is_admin', 'salary'] #查看标题section1下所有key=value的(key,value)格式 item_list=config.items('section1') print(item_list) #[('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('user', 'egon'), ('age', '18'), ('is_admin', 'true'), ('salary', '31')] #查看标题section1下user的值=>字符串格式 val=config.get('section1','user') print(val) #egon #查看标题section1下age的值=>整数格式 val1=config.getint('section1','age') print(val1) #18 #查看标题section1下is_admin的值=>布尔值格式 val2=config.getboolean('section1','is_admin') print(val2) #True #查看标题section1下salary的值=>浮点型格式 val3=config.getfloat('section1','salary') print(val3) #31.0
改写
import configparser config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('a.cfg',encoding='utf-8') #删除整个标题section2 config.remove_section('section2') #删除标题section1下的某个k1和k2 config.remove_option('section1','k1') config.remove_option('section1','k2') #判断是否存在某个标题 print(config.has_section('section1')) #判断标题section1下是否有user print(config.has_option('section1','')) #添加一个标题 config.add_section('egon') #在标题egon下添加name=egon,age=18的配置 config.set('egon','name','egon') config.set('egon','age',18) #报错,必须是字符串 #最后将修改的内容写入文件,完成最终的修改 config.write(open('a.cfg','w'))
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45', 'Compression': 'yes', 'CompressionLevel': '9'} config['bitbucket.org'] = {} config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg' config['topsecret.server.com'] = {} topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com'] topsecret['Host Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes' with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile: config.write(configfile) 基于上述方法添加一个ini文档
suprocess模块
import subprocess ''' sh-3.2# ls /Users/egon/Desktop |grep txt$ mysql.txt tt.txt 事物.txt ''' res1=subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE) res=subprocess.Popen('grep txt$',shell=True,stdin=res1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) #等同于上面,但是上面的优势在于,一个数据流可以和另外一个数据流交互,可以通过爬虫得到结果然后交给grep res1=subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop |grep txt$',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res1.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) #windows下: # dir | findstr 'test*' # dir | findstr 'txt$' import subprocess res1=subprocess.Popen(r'dir C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\test\函数备课',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE) res=subprocess.Popen('findstr test*',shell=True,stdin=res1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('gbk')) #subprocess使用当前系统默认编码，得到结果为bytes类型，在windows下需要用gbk解码
年终报表 教学部 市场部 咨询部 总计 Jan-19 10 15 5 30 Feb-19 10 15 5 30 Mar-19 10 15 5 30 Apr-19 10 15 5 30 May-19 10 15 5 30 Jun-19 10 15 5 30 Jul-19 10 15 5 30 Aug-19 10 15 5 30 Sep-19 10 15 5 30 Oct-19 10 15 5 30 Nov-19 10 15 5 30 Dec-19 10 15 5 30 import xlrd # 读取文件 work_book = xlrd.open_workbook("机密数据.xlsx") # 获取所有所有表格名称 print(work_book.sheet_names()) # 选取一个表 sheet = work_book.sheet_by_index(1) # 表格名称 print(sheet.name) # 行数 print(sheet.nrows) # 列数 print(sheet.ncols) # 某行全部 print(sheet.row(6)) # 某列全部 print(sheet.col(6)) # 某行列区间 print(sheet.row_slice(6, start_colx=0, end_colx=4)) # 某列行区间 print(sheet.col_slice(3, start_colx=3, end_colx=6)) # 某行类型 | 值 print(sheet.row_types(6), sheet.row_values(6)) # 单元格 print(sheet.cell(6,0).value) # 取值 print(sheet.cell(6,0).ctype) # 取类型 print(sheet.cell_value(6,0)) # 直接取值 print(sheet.row(6)[0]) # 时间格式转换 print(xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(sheet.cell(6, 0).value, 0))
import xlwt # 创建工作簿 work = xlwt.Workbook() # 创建一个表 sheet = work.add_sheet("员工信息数据") # 创建一个字体对象 font = xlwt.Font() font.name = "Times New Roman" # 字体名称 font.bold = True # 加粗 font.italic = True # 斜体 font.underline = True # 下划线 # 创建一个样式对象 style = xlwt.XFStyle() style.font = font keys = ['Owen', 'Zero', 'Egon', 'Liuxx', 'Yhh'] # 写入标题 for k in keys: sheet.write(0, keys.index(k), k, style) # 写入数据 sheet.write(1, 0, 'cool', style) # 保存至文件 work.save("test.xls")
复习模块
# import datetime # print(datetime.datetime.now()) # print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=3)) # print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(seconds=111)) # 2019-04-20 20:00:45.964735 # 2019-04-23 20:00:45.964735 # 2019-04-20 20:02:36.964735 # current_time=datetime.datetime.now() # print(current_time.replace(year=1977)) # 1977-04-20 20:02:01.534058 # print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(11111111)) # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 1970-05-09 # 打印进度条 # print('[%-50s]' %'#') # print('[%-50s]' %'##') # print('[%-50s]' %'###') # [# ] # [## ] # [### ] # num=30 # print('%s%%'%num) # 30% 第一个%是取消第二个%的特殊意义的 # width=30 # print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'#') # print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'##') # print(('[%%-%ds]'%width)%'###') # [%-(width)s] %# # [# ] # [## ] # [### ] # def progress(percent,width=50): # if percent>1: # percent=1 # show_str=('[%%-%ds]'%width) %(int(width*percent)*'#') # print('\r%s %d%%'%(show_str,int(100*percent)),end='') # # import time # recv_size=0 # total_size=8097 # while recv_size<total_size: # time.sleep(0.1) # recv_size+=576 # percent=recv_size/total_size # progress(percent) # import shutil # import time # ret=shutil.make_archive( # 'E:\代码存放位置\第五周%s'%time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), # 'gztar', # root_dir=r'E:\代码存放位置\第五周\继承.py' # ) # import shelve # info1={'age':18,'height':180,'weight':80} # info2={'age':73,'height':160,'weight':80} # # d=shelve.open('db.shv') # d['egon']=info1 # d['alex']=info1 # d.close() # d=shelve.open('db.shv') # print(d['egon']) # print(d['alex']) # d.close() # {'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # {'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # # d=shelve.open('db.shv',writeback=True) # d['alex']['age']=1000 # print(d['alex']) # d.close() # {'age': 1000, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # d=shelve.open('db.shv') # print(d['alex']) # d.close() # {'age': 1000, 'height': 180, 'weight': 80} # ==========================================查 # import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET # # tree=ET.parse('a.xml') # root=tree.getroot() # print(root.tag) # data # 三种查找节点的方式 # res=root.iter('rank') #会在整个树中进行查找，而且是查找到所有 # for item in res: # print(item) # print('='*50) # print(item.tag) #标签名 # print(item.attrib) #属性 # print(item.text) #文本内容 # == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == # rank # {'updated': 'yes'} # 2 # == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == # rank # {'updated': 'yes'} # 5 # == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == # rank # {'updated': 'yes'} # 69 # res=root.find('country') #只能在当前元素的下一级开始查找，并且只找到一个就结束 # print(res.tag) # print(res.attrib) # print(res.text) # country # {'name': 'Liechtenstein'} # nb=res.find('neighbor') #在当前country的节点往下查找 找到只找到一个就结束 # print(nb.attrib) # {'name': 'Austria', 'direction': 'E'} # cy=root.findall('country') #只能在当前元素的下一级开始查找 # print([item.attrib for item in cy]) # [{'name': 'Liechtenstein'}, {'name': 'Singapore'}, {'name': 'Panama'}] # # -=====================================改 # import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # tree=ET.parse('a.xml') # root=tree.getroot() # # for year in root.iter('year'): #会在整个树中进行查找，而且是查找所有的 # year.text=str(int(year.text)+10) # year.attrib={'updated':'yes'} # # tree.write('b.xml') # tree.write('a.xml') # -=====================================增 # import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # tree=ET.parse('a.xml') # root=tree.getroot() # # for country in root.iter('country'): # # print(country) # year=country.find('year') # # print(year) # if int(year.text)>2000: # # print(country.attrib) # ele=ET.Element('egon') # ele.attrib={'nb':'yes'} # ele.text='非常帅' # country.append(ele) # # country.remove(year) # tree.write('b.xml') # import os # while True: # cmd=input('>>>: ').strip() # if not cmd:continue # # print('%s run'%cmd) # res=os.system(cmd) #dir # network.send(res) # import subprocess #运行系统命令 允许控制命令的结果是打印到屏幕上还是做其他的事情 # obj=subprocess.Popen('dir', #正确命令 # shell=True, #命令解释器 # stdout=subprocess.PIPE, #正确管道 # stderr=subprocess.PIPE #错误管道 # ) # # res1=obj.stdout.read() # print('正确结果111： ',res1.decode('gbk')) # # res2=obj.stdout.read() # print('正确结果222： ',res2.decode('gbk')) #只能取走一次，取走了正确管道里就没有信息了 # # # res2=obj.stderr.read() #只解读命令 # print('错误结果： ',res2.decode('gbk')) # import configparser #解析配置 ini这种格式文件里面的组成形式 config=configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('my.ini') # secs=config.sections() #标题 # print(secs) # ['egon', 'lqz'] # print(config.options('egon')) # ['age', 'pwd', 'sex', 'salary', 'is_beautiful'] # age=config.get('egon','age') # print(age,type(age)) #18 <class 'str'> # age=config.getint('egon','age') # print(age,type(age)) #18 <class 'int'> # salary=config.getfloat('egon','salary') # print(salary,type(salary)) #5.1 <class 'float'> b=config.getboolean('egon','is_beautiful') print(b,type(b)) #True <class 'bool'>
