SpringCloud RestTemplate服务间调用
SpringCloud Rest学习环境搭建:服务提供者
介绍
- 我们会使用一个Dept部门模块做一个微服务通用案例Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务。
- 回顾Spring,SpringMVC,Mybatis等以往学习的知识。
- Maven的分包分模块架构复习。
一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的:
-- app-parent: 一个父项目(app-parent)聚合了很多子项目(app-util\app-dao\app-web...)
|-- pom.xml
|
|-- app-core
||---- pom.xml
|
|-- app-web
||---- pom.xml
......
一个父工程带着多个Moudule子模块
MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)
- microservicecloud-api 【封装的整体entity/接口/公共配置等】
- microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 【服务提供者】
- microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 【服务消费者】
SpringCloud版本选择
大版本说明
SpringBoot | SpringCloud | 关系 |
---|---|---|
1.2.x | Angel版本(天使) | 兼容SpringBoot1.2x |
1.3.x | Brixton版本(布里克斯顿) | 兼容SpringBoot1.3x,也兼容SpringBoot1.4x |
1.4.x | Camden版本(卡姆登) | 兼容SpringBoot1.4x,也兼容SpringBoot1.5x |
1.5.x | Dalston版本(多尔斯顿) | 兼容SpringBoot1.5x,不兼容SpringBoot2.0x |
1.5.x | Edgware版本(埃奇韦尔) | 兼容SpringBoot1.5x,不兼容SpringBoot2.0x |
2.0.x | Finchley版本(芬奇利) | 兼容SpringBoot2.0x,不兼容SpringBoot1.5x |
2.1.x | Greenwich版本(格林威治) |
实际开发版本关系
spring-boot-starter-parent | spring-cloud-dependencles | ||
---|---|---|---|
版本号 | 发布日期 | 版本号 | 发布日期 |
1.5.2.RELEASE | 2017-03 | Dalston.RC1 | 2017-x |
1.5.9.RELEASE | 2017-11 | Edgware.RELEASE | 2017-11 |
1.5.16.RELEASE | 2018-04 | Edgware.SR5 | 2018-10 |
1.5.20.RELEASE | 2018-09 | Edgware.SR5 | 2018-10 |
2.0.2.RELEASE | 2018-05 | Fomchiey.BULD-SNAPSHOT | 2018-x |
2.0.6.RELEASE | 2018-10 | Fomchiey-SR2 | 2018-10 |
2.1.4.RELEASE | 2019-04 | Greenwich.SR1 | 2019-03 |
使用后两个
创建父工程
- 新建父工程项目springcloud,切记Packageing是pom模式
- 主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提取出来,类似一个抽象父类
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.haust</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>springcloud-api</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
<module>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7001</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7002</module>
<module>springcloud-eureka-7003</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-8002</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-8003</module>
<module>springcloud-consumer-dept-feign</module>
<module>springcloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001</module>
<module>springcloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard</module>
<module>springcloud-zuul-9527</module>
<module>springcloud-config-server-3344</module>
<module>springcloud-config-client-3355</module>
<module>springcloud-config-eureka-7001</module>
<module>springcloud-config-dept-8001</module>
</modules>
<!--打包方式 pom-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>0.2.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springCloud的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringBoot 启动器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志测试~-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
springcloud-api子模块
创建springcloud-api工程,也是一个maven工程:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--当前的moudle自己需要的依赖,如果父依赖中已经配置了版本,这里就不用写了-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
创建db01数据库
创建一个db01数据库,并创建一张dept部门表:
create table dept
(
deptno bigint auto_increment
primary key,
dname varchar(60) null,
db_source varchar(60) null
)
comment '部门表';
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('开发部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('人事部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('财务部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('市场部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('运维部',database());
创建实体类
package com.kuang.springcloud.pojo;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain=true) //链式写法 @Builder注解也可以
public class Dept implements Serializable { //实体类,
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
//这个数据存在哪个数据库的字段 微服务:是可以一个服务对应一个数据库的,
// 同一个信息可能存储在不同的数据库
private String db_source;
public Dept(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
springcloud-api子模块只需要一个实体类就够了
springcloud-provider-dept-8001提供者模块
导入相关依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--我们需要拿到实体类,所以要配置api module-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--springboot test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jetty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
增加配置,编写服务
由于新建的一个maven模块,需要在resources目录下新建application.yml:
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.kuang.springcloud.pojo
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
#springboot的配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #数据源
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 123456
再新建mapper目录以及mybatis核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--开启二级缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
编写controller,service,dao以及mapper.xml文件,还有主启动类,详情见后面贴出来的git代码地址
SpringCloud Rest学习环境搭建:服务消费者
导入pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--实体类+web-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
编写application.yml配置文件
由于只配置了个端口,所以忽略详情见码云代码!
注入RestTemplate
由于消费者需要调用服务提供者的接口,这里我们采取RestTemplate的方式,而RestTemplate没有注入到spring容器中,我们首先注入进去
package com.kuang.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
调用提供者接口
然后用如下编写消费者服务去掉提供者提供的接口:
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
//RestTemplate ..供我们直接调用就可以
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; //提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法,它是一种简单的访问restful风格服务的模板
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001/";
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
}
测试
最后测试完美调用!
代码在spingcloud项目的springcoud-api和springcloud-provider-dept-8001模块