SpringCloud RestTemplate服务间调用

SpringCloud Rest学习环境搭建：服务提供者

介绍

• 我们会使用一个Dept部门模块做一个微服务通用案例Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务。
• 回顾Spring，SpringMVC，Mybatis等以往学习的知识。
• Maven的分包分模块架构复习。

一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的：
-- app-parent: 一个父项目(app-parent)聚合了很多子项目(app-util\app-dao\app-web...)
  |-- pom.xml
  |
  |-- app-core
  ||---- pom.xml
  |
  |-- app-web
  ||---- pom.xml
  ......

一个父工程带着多个Moudule子模块

MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)

• microservicecloud-api 【封装的整体entity/接口/公共配置等】
• microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 【服务提供者】
• microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 【服务消费者】

SpringCloud版本选择

大版本说明

SpringBoot	SpringCloud	关系
1.2.x	Angel版本(天使)	兼容SpringBoot1.2x
1.3.x	Brixton版本(布里克斯顿)	兼容SpringBoot1.3x，也兼容SpringBoot1.4x
1.4.x	Camden版本(卡姆登)	兼容SpringBoot1.4x，也兼容SpringBoot1.5x
1.5.x	Dalston版本(多尔斯顿)	兼容SpringBoot1.5x，不兼容SpringBoot2.0x
1.5.x	Edgware版本(埃奇韦尔)	兼容SpringBoot1.5x，不兼容SpringBoot2.0x
2.0.x	Finchley版本(芬奇利)	兼容SpringBoot2.0x，不兼容SpringBoot1.5x
2.1.x	Greenwich版本(格林威治)

实际开发版本关系

spring-boot-starter-parent		spring-cloud-dependencles
版本号	发布日期	版本号	发布日期
1.5.2.RELEASE	2017-03	Dalston.RC1	2017-x
1.5.9.RELEASE	2017-11	Edgware.RELEASE	2017-11
1.5.16.RELEASE	2018-04	Edgware.SR5	2018-10
1.5.20.RELEASE	2018-09	Edgware.SR5	2018-10
2.0.2.RELEASE	2018-05	Fomchiey.BULD-SNAPSHOT	2018-x
2.0.6.RELEASE	2018-10	Fomchiey-SR2	2018-10
2.1.4.RELEASE	2019-04	Greenwich.SR1	2019-03

使用后两个

创建父工程

• 新建父工程项目springcloud，切记Packageing是pom模式
• 主要是定义POM文件，将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提取出来，类似一个抽象父类

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.haust</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>springcloud-api</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
        <module>springcloud-eureka-7001</module>
        <module>springcloud-eureka-7002</module>
        <module>springcloud-eureka-7003</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-dept-8002</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-dept-8003</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-dept-feign</module>
        <module>springcloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001</module>
        <module>springcloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard</module>
        <module>springcloud-zuul-9527</module>
        <module>springcloud-config-server-3344</module>
        <module>springcloud-config-client-3355</module>
        <module>springcloud-config-eureka-7001</module>
        <module>springcloud-config-dept-8001</module>
    </modules>
    <!--打包方式  pom-->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>0.2.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--springCloud的依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--数据库-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.47</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--SpringBoot 启动器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--日志测试~-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

springcloud-api子模块

创建springcloud-api工程，也是一个maven工程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!--当前的moudle自己需要的依赖，如果父依赖中已经配置了版本，这里就不用写了-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建db01数据库

创建一个db01数据库，并创建一张dept部门表：

create table dept
(
    deptno    bigint auto_increment
        primary key,
    dname     varchar(60) null,
    db_source varchar(60) null
)
    comment '部门表';
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('开发部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('人事部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('财务部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('市场部',database());
insert into dept (dname,db_source) values ('运维部',database());

创建实体类

package com.kuang.springcloud.pojo;

import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain=true) //链式写法 @Builder注解也可以
public class Dept implements Serializable { //实体类，

    private Long deptno;
    private String dname;

    //这个数据存在哪个数据库的字段  微服务：是可以一个服务对应一个数据库的，
    // 同一个信息可能存储在不同的数据库
    private String db_source;

    public Dept(String dname) {
        this.dname = dname;
    }
}

springcloud-api子模块只需要一个实体类就够了

springcloud-provider-dept-8001提供者模块

导入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--我们需要拿到实体类，所以要配置api module-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--springboot test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jetty-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--热部署工具-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

增加配置，编写服务

由于新建的一个maven模块，需要在resources目录下新建application.yml：

server:
  port: 8001

#mybatis配置
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.kuang.springcloud.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml


#springboot的配置

spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #数据源
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456

再新建mapper目录以及mybatis核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--configuration核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
    <settings>
        <!--开启二级缓存-->
        <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
    </settings>

</configuration>

编写controller，service，dao以及mapper.xml文件，还有主启动类，详情见后面贴出来的git代码地址

SpringCloud Rest学习环境搭建：服务消费者

导入pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <!--实体类+web-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

编写application.yml配置文件

由于只配置了个端口，所以忽略详情见码云代码!

注入RestTemplate

由于消费者需要调用服务提供者的接口，这里我们采取RestTemplate的方式，而RestTemplate没有注入到spring容器中，我们首先注入进去

package com.kuang.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

调用提供者接口

然后用如下编写消费者服务去掉提供者提供的接口：

@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {

    //RestTemplate ..供我们直接调用就可以

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate; //提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法，它是一种简单的访问restful风格服务的模板

    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001/";

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
    }

}

测试

最后测试完美调用!

代码在spingcloud项目的springcoud-api和springcloud-provider-dept-8001模块

代码在码云地址：https://gitee.com/mo18/springcloud.git