eclipse创建maven的j2ee项目
JDK版本：1.8 x64
eclipse：Version: Photon Release (4.8.0) x64
tomcat: 9.0 x64
目录结构：
操作步骤
菜单依次点击"File" --> "New" --> "Other"，弹出对话框：
展开"Maven"，选择"Maven Project"，点击"Next"
勾选"Create a simple project(...)"，点击"Next"
输入"Group Id"和"Artifact Id"，“Packing"选择"war"，点击”Finish"。
此时项目中的pom.xml显示错误，错误信息显示“web.xml is missing and <failOnMissingWebXml> is set to true”，却是web.xml配置文件。
解决办法：
1.右键单击项目，选择"Java EE tools" --> "Generate deployment descriptor stub"
2.servlet 3.0开始可以不使用web.xml文件，可以在pom.xml文件中增加一下内容，让maven不产生错误提示：
<properties> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </properties>
查看部署目录配置：
修改java版本和servlet版本
修改pom.xml，添加依赖相关依赖包(本例子是springmvc实例，主要添加spring依赖包)保存pom.xml文件后，右键单击项目，“Maven" --> "Update Project..."，此时会自动下载依赖包到本地磁盘(默认目录C:\Users\计算机当前用户名\.m2)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.pcant.studio</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version> <springframework.version>5.0.7.RELEASE</springframework.version> <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId> <version>8.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>${jsp.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> <configuration> <source>${java.version}</source> <target>${java.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> <configuration> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
若下载依赖包太慢(默认从国外库源下载)，可以设置从阿里的库源，在.m2目录下增加settings.xml文件，内容如下:
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"> <mirrors> <mirror> <id>nexus-aliyun</id> <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf> <name>Nexus aliyun</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url> </mirror> </mirrors> </settings>
src/main/java目录中创建com.pcantstudio包，增加Controller类，配置类，初始化类。
package com.pcantstudio; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String Hello() { return "index"; } }
package com.pcantstudio; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan("com.pcantstudio") public class MyMvcConfig { @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); return viewResolver; } }
package com.pcantstudio; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic; import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer; import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet; public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); ctx.register(MyMvcConfig.class); ctx.setServletContext(servletContext); Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx)); servlet.addMapping("/"); servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); } }
src/main/resources目录增加views目录和logback.xml文件，views目录增加index.jsp文件。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <pre> welcome to Spring MVC world </pre> </body> </html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds"> <contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator"> <resetJUL>true</resetJUL> </contextListener> <jmxConfigurator/> <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder> <pattern>logback:%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"> </logger> <root level="info"> <appender-ref ref="console"/> </root> </configuration>
配置tomcat，“Windows" --> "Preferences" --> Server --> "Runtime Envirenments"，点击”Add"，选择相应目录添加tomcat.
点击“Apply and Close"，选择”Servers"选择卡
点击“No servers are available....."，添加刚才增加的tomcat服务器。
双击“Tomcat v9.0 Server at localhost"，修改部署路径。
右键单击”Tomcat v9.0 Server at localhost"，选择" Add and Remove"
将springmvc项目增加到tomcat中，点击”Finish",右键单击”Tomcat v9.0 Server at localhost"，选择" Start" ,启动tomcat server，如果没有报错，在浏览器中输入http://http://localhost:8080/springmvc/index
注：
在修改pom.xml依赖包时，由于jstl配置错误，启动tomcat失败，网上查询了众多帖子都没能解决，最后从最简单的jsp页面开始，逐渐增加相关依赖包，才排查出依赖包版本错误。
提示信息：java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@631330c]
严重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@631330c] at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:949) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:839) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:258) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:682) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492) Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@631330c] at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173) at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.startInternal(StandardRoot.java:724) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4758) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4893) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943) ... 21 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature) at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:143) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136) ... 33 more Caused by: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature) at java.util.zip.ZipFile.read(Native Method) at java.util.zip.ZipFile.access$1400(Unknown Source) at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInputStream.read(Unknown Source) at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInflaterInputStream.fill(Unknown Source) at java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream.read(Unknown Source) at sun.misc.IOUtils.readFully(Unknown Source) at java.util.jar.JarFile.getBytes(Unknown Source) at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifestFromReference(Unknown Source) at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifest(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:141) ... 34 more 八月 16, 2018 11:55:13 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal 严重: A child container failed during start java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:949) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:258) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:682) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492) Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:958) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:839) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943) ... 13 more 八月 16, 2018 11:55:13 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start. org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:958) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:258) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:682) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492)
原因：
pom.xml配置实用jstl 1.2版本，jstl1.2版本与1.1.x、1.0.x配置不同，1.2版本配置两个包。
错误配置:
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency>
正确配置:
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
依赖包的groupId和ArtifactId可在http://mvnrepository.com中查询。
注：该实例为《JavaEE开发的颠覆者 Spring Boot实战》一书实例。
源码下载：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fxWh5yLPmBgskphDXugEaQ 密码：f2kq
