Mysql必知必会
基本概念
-
数据库
（database）:保存有组织的数据的容器（通常是一个文件或一组文件）。 -
表
（table）:某种特定类型数据的结构化清单。 -
模式
（schema）:关于数据库和表的布局及特性的信息。 -
列
（column）:表中的一个字段。所有表都是由一个或多个列组成的。 -
数据类型
（datatype）:所容许的数据的类型。每个表列都有相应的数据类型，它限制（或容许）该列中存储的数据。 -
行
（row）:表中的一个记录。 -
主键
（primary key）：列（或一组列），其值能够唯一区分表中每个行。
SQL
SQL（发音为字母S-Q-L或sequel）是结构化查询语言（Structured Query Language
第二章 Mysql简介
终端进入命令
$ mysql -u root -p
-u 用户名，-p(小写) 输入密码， -h 主机名， -P (大写)端口，注意此时的大小写。 mysql --help 命令行选项和参数列表。
创建测试数据库
-- 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE mytestdb；
-- 使用数据库
-- 必须先使用USE打开数据库，才能读取其中的数据。
USE mytestdb;
-- 执行sql脚本
创建测试表
########################
# Create customers table
########################
CREATE TABLE customers
(
cust_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
cust_name char(50) NOT NULL ,
cust_address char(50) NULL ,
cust_city char(50) NULL ,
cust_state char(5) NULL ,
cust_zip char(10) NULL ,
cust_country char(50) NULL ,
cust_contact char(50) NULL ,
cust_email char(255) NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (cust_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
#########################
# Create orderitems table
#########################
CREATE TABLE orderitems
(
order_num int NOT NULL ,
order_item int NOT NULL ,
prod_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
quantity int NOT NULL ,
item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (order_num, order_item)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
#####################
# Create orders table
#####################
CREATE TABLE orders
(
order_num int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
order_date datetime NOT NULL ,
cust_id int NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (order_num)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
#######################
# Create products table
#######################
CREATE TABLE products
(
prod_id char(10) NOT NULL,
vend_id int NOT NULL ,
prod_name char(255) NOT NULL ,
prod_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,
prod_desc text NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY(prod_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
######################
# Create vendors table
######################
CREATE TABLE vendors
(
vend_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
vend_name char(50) NOT NULL ,
vend_address char(50) NULL ,
vend_city char(50) NULL ,
vend_state char(5) NULL ,
vend_zip char(10) NULL ,
vend_country char(50) NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY (vend_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
###########################
# Create productnotes table
###########################
CREATE TABLE productnotes
(
note_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
prod_id char(10) NOT NULL,
note_date datetime NOT NULL,
note_text text NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY(note_id),
FULLTEXT(note_text)
) ENGINE=MyISAM;
#####################
# Define foreign keys
#####################
ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES orders (order_num);
ALTER TABLE orderitems ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orderitems_products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES products (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE orders ADD CONSTRAINT fk_orders_customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES customers (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE products ADD CONSTRAINT fk_products_vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES vendors (vend_id);
创建测试数据
##########################
# Populate customers table
##########################
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10001, 'Coyote Inc.', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'Y Lee', 'ylee@coyote.com');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES(10002, 'Mouse House', '333 Fromage Lane', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Jerry Mouse');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10003, 'Wascals', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', 'rabbit@wascally.com');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES(10004, 'Yosemite Place', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Y Sam', 'sam@yosemite.com');
INSERT INTO customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES(10005, 'E Fudd', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'E Fudd');
########################
# Populate vendors table
########################
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1001,'Anvils R Us','123 Main Street','Southfield','MI','48075', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1002,'LT Supplies','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1003,'ACME','555 High Street','Los Angeles','CA','90046', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1004,'Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1005,'Jet Set','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');
INSERT INTO vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES(1006,'Jouets Et Ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');
#########################
# Populate products table
#########################
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV01', 1001, '.5 ton anvil', 5.99, '.5 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV02', 1001, '1 ton anvil', 9.99, '1 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('ANV03', 1001, '2 ton anvil', 14.99, '2 ton anvil, black, complete with handy hook and carrying case');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('OL1', 1002, 'Oil can', 8.99, 'Oil can, red');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('FU1', 1002, 'Fuses', 3.42, '1 dozen, extra long');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('SLING', 1003, 'Sling', 4.49, 'Sling, one size fits all');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('TNT1', 1003, 'TNT (1 stick)', 2.50, 'TNT, red, single stick');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('TNT2', 1003, 'TNT (5 sticks)', 10, 'TNT, red, pack of 10 sticks');
INSERT INTO products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)