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Spring全解-04-数据处理及跳转

结果跳转方式

ModelAndView

设置ModelAndView对象,根据view的名称,和视图解析器跳到指定的页面。

页面:视图解析器前缀+ViewName+视图解析器后缀

<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
     id="internalResourceViewResolver">
   <!-- 前缀 -->
   <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
   <!-- 后缀 -->
   <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller {

   public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
       //返回一个模型视图对象
       ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
       mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
       mv.setViewName("test");
       return mv;
  }
}

 

ServletAPI

通过设置ServletAPI,不需要视图解析器,直接通过HttpServletResponse进行输出、实现重定向、实现转发。

@Controller
public class ResultGo {

   @RequestMapping("/result/t1")
   public void test1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throwsIOException {
       rsp.getWriter().println("Hello,Spring BY servlet API");
  }

   @RequestMapping("/result/t2")
   public void test2(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throwsIOException {
       rsp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
  }

   @RequestMapping("/result/t3")
   public void test3(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throwsException {
       //转发
       req.setAttribute("msg","/result/t3");
       req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,rsp);
  }

}

 

SpringMVC

通过SpringMVC来实现转发和重定向,无需视图解析器。

@Controller
public class ResultSpringMVC {
   @RequestMapping("/rsm/t1")
   public String test1(){
       //转发
       return "/index.jsp";
  }

   @RequestMapping("/rsm/t2")
   public String test2(){
       //转发二
       return "forward:/index.jsp";
  }

   @RequestMapping("/rsm/t3")
   public String test3(){
       //重定向
       return "redirect:/index.jsp";
  }
}

 

数据处理

处理提交数据

1.当提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致。

提交数据:http://localhost:8080/hello?name=fuyao

处理方法

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(String name){
   System.out.println(name);
   return "hello";
}

2.当提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致。 关键字:@RequestParam

提交数据:http://localhost:8080/hello?username=fuyao

处理方法

//@RequestParam("username") : username提交的域的名称 .
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name){
   System.out.println(name);
   return "hello";
}

3.当提交的是一个对象

public class User {
   private int id;
   private String name;
   private int age;
   //构造
   //get/set
   //tostring()
}

提交数据:http://localhost:8080/hello/user?name=fuyao&id=1&age=20

处理方法

@RequestMapping("/user")
public String user(User user){
   System.out.println(user);
   return "hello";
}

如果使用对象的话,前端传递的参数名和对象名必须一致,否则就是null。

 

数据显示到前端

第一种实现方式:通过ModelAndView

public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller {

   public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
       //返回一个模型视图对象
       ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
       mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
       mv.setViewName("test");
       return mv;
  }
}

第二种实现方式:通过ModelMap

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, ModelMap model){
   //封装要显示到视图中的数据
   //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name);
   model.addAttribute("name",name);
   System.out.println(name);
   return "hello";
}

第三种实现方式:通过Model

@RequestMapping("/ct2/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){
   //封装要显示到视图中的数据
   //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name);
   model.addAttribute("msg",name);
   System.out.println(name);
   return "test";
}

 

后端向前端传递数据的乱码问题解决

在之前,我们处理乱码是自定义一个过滤器,现在,SpringMVC提供了一个内部的过滤器,直接在web.xml中配置即可。

<filter>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
   <init-param>
       <param-name>encoding</param-name>
       <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

有些极端情况下,这个过滤器对get方法不友好。

你也可以在tomcat配置文件 :设置编码

<Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
          connectionTimeout="20000"
          redirectPort="8443" />

如果都解决不了,就使用自定义的过滤器

package com.li.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
*/
public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter {

   @Override
   public void destroy() {
  }

   @Override
   public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChainchain) throws IOException, ServletException {
       //处理response的字符编码
       HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
       myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

       // 转型为与协议相关对象
       HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
       // 对request包装增强
       HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
       chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
  }

   @Override
   public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  }

}

//自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

   private HttpServletRequest request;
   //是否编码的标记
   private boolean hasEncode;
   //定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰
   public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
       super(request);// super必须写
       this.request = request;
  }

   // 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
   @Override
   public Map getParameterMap() {
       // 先获得请求方式
       String method = request.getMethod();
       if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
           // post请求
           try {
               // 处理post乱码
               request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
               return request.getParameterMap();
          } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
          }
      } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
           // get请求
           Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
           if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
               for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
                   String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
                   if (values != null) {
                       for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                           try {
                               // 处理get乱码
                               values[i] = new String(values[i]
                                      .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
                          } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                               e.printStackTrace();
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
               hasEncode = true;
          }
           return parameterMap;
      }
       return super.getParameterMap();
  }

   //取一个值
   @Override
   public String getParameter(String name) {
       Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
       String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
       if (values == null) {
           return null;
      }
       return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
  }

   //取所有值
   @Override
   public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
       Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
       String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
       return values;
  }
}

然后在web.xml中配置这个过滤器即可。

posted @ 2021-06-25 10:33  你比从前快乐;  阅读(32)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报