结对项目

这个作业属于哪个课程	https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gdgy/CSGrade22-34
这个作业要求在哪里	https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gdgy/CSGrade22-34/homework/13230
这个作业的目标	完成一个四则运算项目来了解项目开发流程
项目成员	李建龙

github地址：

https://github.com/LJL-long/LJL-long/tree/main/calculator

PSP表格

PSP2.1	Personal Software Process Stages	预估耗时（分钟）	实际耗时（分钟）
· Planning	· 计划	100	60
· Estimate	· 估计这个任务需要多少时间	30	30
· Development	· 开发	480	420
· Analysis	· 需求分析 (包括学习新技术)	300	360
· Design Spec	· 生成设计文档	30	30
· Design Review	· 设计复审 (和同事审核设计文档)	60	45
· Coding Standard	· 代码规范 (为目前的开发制定合适的规范)	30	45
· Design	· 具体设计	60	60
· Coding	· 具体编码	360	420
· Code Review	· 代码复审	30	30
· Test	· 测试（自我测试，修改代码，提交修改）	120	150
· Reporting	· 报告	60	60
· Test Repor	· 测试报告	60	45
· Size Measurement	· 计算工作量	30	20
· Postmortem & Process Improvement Plan	· 事后总结, 并提出过程改进计划	60	60
· 合计		1810	1835

设计实现过程

共有8个类：

代码说明

1. 生成随机的运算符数组，包括加法、减法、乘法和除法。

点击查看代码

public class ItemRandom {
    /**
     * 生成随机的运算符数组，包括加法、减法、乘法和除法。
     *
     * @return 包含随机运算符的字符数组
     */
    public static char[] RanOpe() {
        Random rand = new Random();
        int[] ope_int = new int[3];

        // 循环直到生成至少一个运算符
        while (true) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                // 随机生成能代表无、加、减、乘、除的数0、1、2、3、4
                ope_int[i] = rand.nextInt(4 - 0) + 0;
            }
            if (ope_int[0] == 0 && ope_int[1] == 0 && ope_int[2] == 0) continue;
            break;
        }

        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < ope_int.length; i++) {
            // 计算随机生成多少个符号
            if (ope_int[i] != 0) j++;
        }
        char[] ope = new char[j];
        for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            switch (ope_int[i]) {
                case 1:
                    ope[k] = '+';
                    k++;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ope[k] = '-';
                    k++;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    ope[k] = '×';
                    k++;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ope[k] = '÷';
                    k++;
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
        return ope;
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机的数字数组，其中 max 参数用于指定生成的随机数字的范围。如果 max 大于1，将生成整数，否则将生成分数。
     *
     * @param max 生成随机数字的范围
     * @return 包含随机数字的字符串数组
     */
    public static String[] RanNum(int max) {
        String[] num = new String[4];
        Random rand = new Random();
        if (max > 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i++) {
                int tag = rand.nextInt(3 - 0) + 0;
                if (tag == 0 || tag == 1)
                    num[i] = String.valueOf((int) (Math.random() * max));
                else
                    num[i] = RanFra(max);
            }
        } else if (max == 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i++)
                num[i] = RanFra(max);
        }
        return num;
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机的分数字符串，其中 max 参数用于指定生成的随机分数的分母的范围。
     *
     * @param max 生成随机分数的分母的范围
     * @return 随机分数的字符串表示
     */
    public static String RanFra(int max) {
        int fra, zi;
        Random rand = new Random();

        // 分子分母不为零
        do {
            fra = rand.nextInt(20 - 1) + 1;
            zi = rand.nextInt(20 - 1) + 1;
        } while (fra == 0 || zi == 0);

        Calculate cal = new Calculate();
        return cal.reduction(zi, fra);
    }
}

2. 计算表达式的值

点击查看代码

package Calculator.core;

public class Calculate {

    /**
     * 计算表达式的值。
     *
     * @param number1 第一个数字（字符串形式）
     * @param number2 第二个数字（字符串形式）
     * @param signal  运算信号：1表示加法，2表示减法，3表示乘法，4表示除法
     * @return 计算结果（字符串形式）
     */
    public static String calculate(String number1, String number2, int signal) {
        Calculate cal = new Calculate();

        // 将字符串转换为int型分子分母
        int[] array1 = cal.conversion(number1);
        int[] array2 = cal.conversion(number2);

        int mol1 = array1[0], den1 = array1[1], mol2 = array2[0], den2 = array2[1];
        int mol, den;

        switch (signal) {
            case 1: // 加法
                if (den1 == den2 && den1 == 1)
                    return String.valueOf(mol1 + mol2);
                else {
                    den = cal.lcm(den1, den2);
                    mol = mol1 * den / den1 + mol2 * den / den2;
                    return cal.reduction(mol, den);
                }

            case 2: // 减法
                if (den1 == den2 && den1 == 1)
                    return String.valueOf(mol1 - mol2);
                else {
                    int symbol = 0; // 符号位，1表示有负号
                    den = cal.lcm(den1, den2);
                    mol = mol1 * den / den1 - mol2 * den / den2;

                    if (mol < 0) {
                        mol = -mol;
                        symbol = 1;
                    } else if (mol == 0) {
                        return "0";
                    }

                    if (symbol == 1)
                        return "-" + cal.reduction(mol, den);
                    else
                        return cal.reduction(mol, den);
                }

            case 3: // 乘法
                if (den1 == den2 && den1 == 1)
                    return String.valueOf(mol1 * mol2);
                else {
                    mol = mol1 * mol2;
                    den = den1 * den2;
                    return cal.reduction(mol, den);
                }

            case 4: // 除法
                if (den1 == den2 && den1 == 1)
                    return cal.reduction(mol1, mol2);
                else {
                    mol = mol1 * den2;
                    den = den1 * mol2;
                    return cal.reduction(mol, den);
                }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 将字符串（无论自然数还是分数）转换为int型分子分母。
     *
     * @param number 输入的字符串
     * @return 包含分子和分母的整数数组
     */
    public int[] conversion(String number) {
        int num, mol, den;

        if (number.matches(".*/.*")) { // 如果是分数
            String string;

            if ((string = number.split("/")[0]).matches(".*'.*")) { // 如果是带分数
                num = Integer.parseInt(string.split("'")[0]);
                mol = Integer.parseInt(string.split("'")[1]);
            } else {
                num = 0;
                mol = Integer.parseInt(number.split("/")[0]);
            }

            den = Integer.parseInt(number.split("/")[1]);
            mol = mol + den * num;
        } else { // 如果是自然数
            mol = Integer.parseInt(number);
            den = 1;
        }

        return new int[]{mol, den};
    }

    /**
     * 计算最大公因数。
     *
     * @param a 第一个整数
     * @param b 第二个整数
     * @return 最大公因数
     */
    int gcd(int a, int b) {
        int n = Math.min(a, b);
        int i;

        for (i = n; i > 0; --i) {
            if (a % i == 0 && b % i == 0)
                break;
        }
        return i;
    }

    /**
     * 计算最小公倍数。
     *
     * @param a 第一个整数
     * @param b 第二个整数
     * @return 最小公倍数
     */
    int lcm(int a, int b) {
        return a * b / gcd(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * 分子分母化简。
     *
     * @param mol 分子
     * @param den 分母
     * @return 化简后的字符串表示
     */
    public String reduction(int mol, int den) {
        Calculate cal = new Calculate();

        int k = cal.gcd(mol, den);

        if (k == 0) {
            return "0";
        } else if (k != 1) {
            mol = mol / k;
            den = den / k;
        }

        if (den == 1)
            return String.valueOf(mol);

        if (den > mol)
            return mol + "/" + den;
        else
            return mol / den + "'" + mol % den + "/" + den;
    }
}

3. 生成题目和答案，通过调用ItemRandom类生成随机运算符和数字组合，然后检查并添加到题目列表和查询列表中。

点击查看代码

package Calculator.core;

import Calculator.pojo.Expression;
import Calculator.pojo.Query;
import Calculator.util.Examine;
import Calculator.util.ItemRandom;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

public class Core {
    /**
     * 生成题目和答案，通过调用ItemRandom类生成随机运算符和数字组合，然后检查并添加到题目列表和查询列表中。
     *
     * @param number           题目数量
     * @param maxNum           生成的随机数字的范围
     * @param expressionList   题目列表
     * @param queryList        查询列表
     */
    public void getTopicAndAnswer(int number, int maxNum, List<Expression> expressionList, List<Query> queryList) {
        Examine check = new Examine();
        while (expressionList.size() < number) {
            String infix = infixExpression(ItemRandom.RanOpe(), ItemRandom.RanNum(maxNum));
            check.answerChecking(infix, expressionList, queryList);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成中缀表达式，根据随机生成的运算符和数字数组生成中缀表达式字符串。
     *
     * @param ope 随机生成的运算符数组
     * @param num 随机生成的数字数组
     * @return 中缀表达式字符串
     */
    public String infixExpression(char[] ope, String[] num) {
        int i = 0;
        ArrayList<String> inf = new ArrayList<>();
        for (; i < ope.length; i++) {
            inf.add(num[i]);
            inf.add(String.valueOf(ope[i]));
        }
        inf.add(num[i]);
        switch (ope.length) {
            case 3 -> {
                if ((ope[0] == '+' || ope[0] == '-') && (ope[1] == '+' || ope[1] == '-') && (ope[2] == '×' || ope[2] == '÷')) {
                    inf.add(0, "(");
                    inf.add(6, ")");
                }
                if ((ope[0] == '+' || ope[0] == '-') && (ope[1] == '×' || ope[1] == '÷')) {
                    inf.add(0, "(");
                    inf.add(4, ")");
                }
            }
            case 2 -> {
                if ((ope[0] == '+' || ope[0] == '-') && (ope[1] == '×' || ope[1] == '÷')) {
                    inf.add(0, "(");
                    inf.add(4, ")");
                }
            }
            default -> {
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < inf.size(); i++) {
            if (inf.get(i).equals("+") || inf.get(i).equals("-") || inf.get(i).equals("×") || inf.get(i).equals("÷"))
                inf.set(i, " " + inf.get(i) + " ");
        }
        StringBuilder infix = new StringBuilder(inf.get(0));
        for (i = 1; i < inf.size(); i++) {
            infix.append(inf.get(i));
        }
        return infix.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 中缀表达式转换成后缀表达式。
     *
     * @param string 中缀表达式字符串
     * @return 后缀表达式的字符串数组
     */
    public String[] postfixExpression(String string) {
        // 符号栈
        Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
        // 后缀表达式
        List<String> list = new LinkedList<>();
        // 将中缀表达式按空格分开
        String[] splitString = string.split(" ");
        for (String str : splitString) {
            // 如果是左括号就入栈
            if (str.matches("\\(.*")) {
                list.add(str.split("\\(")[1]);
                stack.push("(");
            }
            // 如果是右括号就把栈顶元素依次加入到列表，直到读取到左括号，将其出栈。
            else if (str.matches(".*\\)")) {
                list.add(str.split("\\)")[0]);
                while (!stack.peek().equals("(")) {
                    list.add(stack.pop());
                }
                stack.pop();
            } else if (str.matches("[+\\-×÷]")) {
                // 栈为空将运算符入栈
                if (stack.isEmpty()) stack.push(str);
                    // 如果运算符是加减，优先级最低，将栈顶元素加入到列表，如果读取到左括号或栈为空将运算符入栈
                else if (str.matches("[+\\-]")) {
                    while (!stack.isEmpty() && !stack.peek().equals("(")) {
                        list.add(stack.pop());
                    }
                    stack.push(str);
                }
                // 如果运算符是乘除
                else {
                    // 如果栈不为空且栈顶元素是乘除，将其出栈加入到列表。
                    while (!stack.isEmpty() && stack.peek().matches("[×÷]")) {
                        list.add(stack.pop());
                    }
                    // 栈顶元素是加减或为空，将运算符入栈。
                    stack.push(str);
                }
            }
            // 其余符号都是表示数字，将其入栈。
            else {
                list.add(str);
            }
        }
        // 最后把栈内元素全部加入到列表
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            list.add(stack.pop());
        }
        String[] postfixString = new String[list.size()];
        // 将列表元素转变为字符串数组
        for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            postfixString[i] = list.remove(i);
        }
        return postfixString;
    }

    /**
     * 由后缀表达式生成题目答案。
     *
     * @param strings 后缀表达式的字符串数组
     * @return 表达式计算结果的字符串
     */
    public String generateAnswer(String[] strings) {
        Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
        for (String string : strings) {
            // 返回true表示计算过程有负号或除数为0
            if (identifyOperator(stack, string))
                return "-1";
        }
        return stack.pop();
    }

    /**
     * 识别运算符，返回true表示计算过程有负号。
     *
     * @param stack  运算符栈
     * @param string 当前运算符或数字
     * @return 如果计算过程中出现负号，返回true，否则返回false
     */
    public boolean identifyOperator(Stack<String> stack, String string) {
        String num, num1, num2;
        switch (string) {
            case "+" -> {
                num2 = stack.pop();
                num1 = stack.pop();
                num = Calculate.calculate(num1, num2, 1);
                stack.push(num);
            }
            case "-" -> {
                num2 = stack.pop();
                num1 = stack.pop();
                num = Calculate.calculate(num1, num2, 2);
                stack.push(num);
                // 如果计算过程中出现负号，返回true
                if (num != null && num.matches("-.*")) return true;
            }
            case "×" -> {
                num2 = stack.pop();
                num1 = stack.pop();
                num = Calculate.calculate(num1, num2, 3);
                stack.push(num);
            }
            case "÷" -> {
                num2 = stack.pop();
                num1 = stack.pop();
                // 如果除数为0
                if (num2.equals("0")) return true;
                num = Calculate.calculate(num1, num2, 4);
                stack.push(num);
            }
            default -> stack.push(string);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

4.将表达式列表写入文本文件。

点击查看代码

package Calculator.IO;

import Calculator.core.Core;
import Calculator.pojo.Expression;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class IO {
    /**
     * 将表达式列表写入文本文件。
     *
     * @param exp      表达式列表
     * @param exercise 文件路径，用于保存练习题
     * @param answers  文件路径，用于保存答案
     */
    public static void writeToTxt(List<Expression> exp, String exercise, String answers) {
        try {
            File exerciseFile = new File(exercise);
            File answersFile = new File(answers);

            // 检查文件是否存在，如果不存在则创建文件
            if (!exerciseFile.exists()) {
                exerciseFile.createNewFile();
            }
            if (!answersFile.exists()) {
                answersFile.createNewFile();
            }

            try (
                    OutputStreamWriter exerciseWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(exerciseFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                    OutputStreamWriter answersWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(answersFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
            ) {
                for (int i = 0; i < exp.size(); i++) {
                    exerciseWriter.write(i + 1 + "-->" + exp.get(i).getString() + " = " + "\r\n");
                    answersWriter.write(i + 1 + "-->" + exp.get(i).getValues() + "\r\n");
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 从文件中读取练习题和答案，然后进行评分，将评分结果写入文本文件。
     *
     * @param exerciseFile 练习题文件路径
     * @param answersFile  答案文件路径
     * @param grade        评分文件路径
     */
    public static void readAndGrade(String exerciseFile, String answersFile, String grade) {
        try {
            FileReader exerciseReader = new FileReader(exerciseFile);
            FileReader answersReader = new FileReader(answersFile);
            BufferedReader exerciseBufferedReader = new BufferedReader(exerciseReader);
            BufferedReader answersBufferedReader = new BufferedReader(answersReader);

            Core t = new Core();
            ArrayList<Integer> correct = new ArrayList<>();
            ArrayList<Integer> wrong = new ArrayList<>();
            String line1;
            String line2;
            int i = 1;

            while ((line2 = answersBufferedReader.readLine()) != null && (line1 = exerciseBufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                String a1 = line2.split(">")[1];
                String l1 = line1.split(">")[1];
                String l2 = l1.split(" = ")[0];
                String[] s = t.postfixExpression(l2);
                String strAns = t.generateAnswer(s);
                if (strAns.equals(a1)) correct.add(i++);
                else wrong.add(i++);
            }

            File gradeFile = new File(grade);
            if (!gradeFile.exists()) gradeFile.createNewFile();

            try (OutputStreamWriter gradeWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(gradeFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
                if (!correct.isEmpty()) {
                    gradeWriter.write("Correct: " + correct.size() + "(" + correct.get(0));
                    for (int j = 1; j < correct.size(); j++) {
                        gradeWriter.write("," + correct.get(j));
                    }
                    gradeWriter.write(")" + "\r\n");
                } else gradeWriter.write("Correct: 0" + "\r\n");

                if (!wrong.isEmpty()) {
                    gradeWriter.write("Wrong: " + wrong.size() + "(" + wrong.get(0));
                    for (int j = 1; j < wrong.size(); j++) {
                        gradeWriter.write("," + wrong.get(j));
                    }
                    gradeWriter.write(")" + "\r\n");
                } else gradeWriter.write("Wrong: 0" + "\r\n");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5.测试

点击查看代码

public class test {
    //测试四则运算，设置不同输入，如果和理论的输出一致则通过。
    @Test
    public void calculate() {
        //加法
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1","2",1),equalTo("3"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1","1/2",1),equalTo("1'1/2"));
        //减法
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1","2",2),equalTo("-1"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1/2","1",2),equalTo("-1/2"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("3/4","4/3",2),equalTo("-7/12"));
        //乘法
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1/2","4",3),equalTo("2"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("4","2",3),equalTo("8"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("3/4","5/6",3),equalTo("5/8"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1'1/2","1'1/2",3),equalTo("2'1/4"));
        //除法
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1/2","4",4),equalTo("1/8"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("4","2",4),equalTo("2"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1'1/2","6",4),equalTo("1/4"));
        assertThat(Calculate.calculate("1'1/2","1'1/2",4),equalTo("1"));
    }

    //测试分数转换成int型分子分母，分别测试带分数真分数自然数
    @Test
    public void conversion() {
        Calculate cal = new Calculate();
        assertThat(cal.conversion("1'1/2"),equalTo(new int[]{3,2}));
        assertThat(cal.conversion("3"),equalTo(new int[]{3,1}));
        assertThat(cal.conversion("3/4"),equalTo(new int[]{3,4}));
    }

    //测试分子分母化简
    @Test
    public void reduction() {
        Calculate cal = new Calculate();
        assertThat(cal.reduction(8,7),equalTo("1'1/7"));
        assertThat(cal.reduction(3,7),equalTo("3/7"));
        assertThat(cal.reduction(8,6),equalTo("1'1/3"));
        assertThat(cal.reduction(4,2),equalTo("2"));
    }

    //测试两个表达式是否相同
    @Test
    public void sameExpression() {
        String a1="8 ÷ 4";
        String b1="4 - 8";
        Examine examine = new Examine();
        assertFalse(examine.sameExpression(a1, b1));
        String a2="8 + 4";
        String b2="4 + 8";
        assertTrue(examine.sameExpression(a2, b2));
        String a3="(8 ÷ 2) × 3";
        String b3="(2 ÷ 8) × 3";
        assertFalse(examine.sameExpression(a3, b3));
    }

    //测试生成中缀表达式。
    @Test
    public void infixExpression(){
        char[] ope={'+','-','×'};
        String[] num={"32","5","9","3/4"};

        Core core = new Core();
        assertThat(core.infixExpression(ope,num),equalTo("(32 + 5 - 9) × 3/4"));
        char[] ope1={'+','×'};
        String[] num1={"3","6","21","3/7"};
        assertThat(core.infixExpression(ope1,num1),equalTo("(3 + 6) × 21"));
        char[] ope2={'×'};
        String[] num2={"32","5","9","3/4"};
        assertThat(core.infixExpression(ope2,num2),equalTo("32 × 5"));
    }

    //测试将中缀表达式转换成后缀表达式
    @Test
    public void postfixExpression(){
        String string="9 + (3 - 1) × 3 + 10 ÷ 2";
        Core core = new Core();
        String[] strings= core.postfixExpression(string);
        assertThat(strings[0],equalTo("9"));
        assertThat(strings[1],equalTo("3"));
        assertThat(strings[2],equalTo("1"));
        assertThat(strings[3],equalTo("-"));
        assertThat(strings[4],equalTo("3"));
        assertThat(strings[5],equalTo("×"));
        assertThat(strings[6],equalTo("+"));
        assertThat(strings[7],equalTo("10"));
        assertThat(strings[8],equalTo("2"));
        assertThat(strings[9],equalTo("÷"));
        assertThat(strings[10],equalTo("+"));

        String string1="a + b × c + (d × e + f) × g";
        String[] strings1= core.postfixExpression(string1);
        assertThat(strings1[0],equalTo("a"));
        assertThat(strings1[1],equalTo("b"));
        assertThat(strings1[2],equalTo("c"));
        assertThat(strings1[3],equalTo("×"));
        assertThat(strings1[4],equalTo("+"));
        assertThat(strings1[5],equalTo("d"));
        assertThat(strings1[6],equalTo("e"));
        assertThat(strings1[7],equalTo("×"));
        assertThat(strings1[8],equalTo("f"));
        assertThat(strings1[9],equalTo("+"));
        assertThat(strings1[10],equalTo("g"));
        assertThat(strings1[11],equalTo("×"));
        assertThat(strings1[12],equalTo("+"));
    }

    //测试计算后缀表达式
    @Test
    public void generateAnswer() {
        String[] strings={"9","3","1","-","3","×","+","10","2","÷","+"};
        Core core = new Core();
        assertThat(core.generateAnswer(strings),equalTo("20"));
    }

    //测试利用栈计算
    @Test
    public void identifyOperator() {
        Stack<String> stack=new Stack<>();
        Core core = new Core();
        stack.push("1");
        stack.push("2");
        core.identifyOperator(stack,"+");
        assertThat(stack.pop(),equalTo("3"));
        stack.push("1");
        stack.push("2");
        core.identifyOperator(stack,"-");
        assertThat(stack.pop(),equalTo("-1"));
        stack.push("1");
        stack.push("2");
        core.identifyOperator(stack,"×");
        assertThat(stack.pop(),equalTo("2"));
        stack.push("1");
        stack.push("2");
        core.identifyOperator(stack,"÷");
        assertThat(stack.pop(),equalTo("1/2"));
        core.identifyOperator(stack,"1'1/2");
        assertThat(stack.pop(),equalTo("1'1/2"));
    }

    //测试主方法
    @Test
    public void main() {
        String[] strings={"-n","300","-r","120"};
        Main.main(strings);
        String[] strings1={"-e","exercise.txt","-a","answers.txt"};
        Main.main(strings1);
    }
}

#测试结果   

项目小结

通过这次实践，学会了代码测试的方法，也努力完成了题目中代码测试的要求，这对我来说都是很大的进步。