rest_farmework总结
1 CBV
2 APIView
class BookView（APIView）：pass
url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"),
一旦访问books/: view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法()
3 def dispatch()：
#一 初始化操作
# (1) 构建新的request:
self.request=self.initial_request()
# self.request._request
# self.request.GET
# self.request.data
# (2) 执行组件
# 认证，权限，频率
# 认证：request.user
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
==== # 认证组件
self.perform_authentication(request)
==== request.user
=====
for authenticator in self.authenticators: # [TokenAuth(),]
try:
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
return
# 权限组件
self.check_permissions(request)
===========
for permission in self.get_permissions():
if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
self.permission_denied(
request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
)
# 频率组件
self.check_throttles(request)
=============
for throttle in self.get_throttles(): # [VisitRateThrottle(),]
if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制
# 分发
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
return response
4 序列化组件
class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
name = serializers.CharField()
email = serializers.CharField()
class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Publish
fields="__all__"
# queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据
ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True)
ps.data # [{},{},{}]
ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False)
ps.data # {}
# json数据-------》记录
# 添加操作
ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
if ps.is_valid():
ps.save() # create
# 更新操作
ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data)
if ps.is_valid():
ps.save() # update
5 视图组件
# 版本1：
# Book表
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
def post(self,request):
# post请求的数据
bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
print(bs.validated_data)
bs.save()# create方法
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
def put(self,request,id):
book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
def delete(self,request,id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response()
# 版本2：mixIn
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset=Author.objects.all()
serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)
def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
# 版本3：基于通用类
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset=Author.objects.all()
serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
# 版本4
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put"
流程：
url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view),
一旦访问 /authors/:
ViewSetMixin
def view():
for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}
handler = getattr(self, action) # self.list self.create
setattr(self, method, handler)
self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
APIView类下的self.dispatch
# 分发
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
self.http_method_not_allowed)
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list()
return response
6 认证权限频率 组件
request.META:
{'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData',
'APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming',
'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files',
'COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC201712041709',
'COMSPEC': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe',
'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 'restdemo.settings',
'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:',
'HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\Administrator',
'LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local',
'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC201712041709',
'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '4', 'OS': 'Windows_NT',
'PATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts;C:\\Python27;E:\\MySQL Server 5.6\\bin;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\atom\\bin',
'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC',
'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64',
'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel',
'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '3c03',
'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData',
'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files',
'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)',
'PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files',
'PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\',
'PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8',
'PYTHONPATH': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\PycharmProjects\\s9\\restdemo', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1',
'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\Windows',
'TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp',
'USERDOMAIN': 'PC201712041709',
'USERNAME': 'Administrator',
'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator',
'WINDIR': 'C:\\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '3',
'WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log',
'RUN_MAIN': 'true', 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC201712041709',
'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_PORT': '8000',
'REMOTE_HOST': '',
'CONTENT_LENGTH': '',
'SCRIPT_NAME': '',
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WSGIServer/0.2',
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
'PATH_INFO': '/authors/',
'QUERY_STRING': 'token=8204b8e3ac40bf59ae480d17c146b51a',
'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain',
'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000',
'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1',
'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=jtus3l4GJEc9TFXWYCWxkBIZprcOv7C1vFMIyOHs7Zkxt015FwVZ2KEEeDV6LOyN', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=832>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>}
7 解析器-----数据解析器
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
8 路由控制
针对：
url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
url(r'^books/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailbook"),
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
9 分页
两个分页类
PageNumberPagination
LimitOffsetpagination
10 响应器 Response
from rest_farmework.response import Response
