[HCIP] OSPF作业1：影响邻居关系建立的原因

一，网络拓扑

二，按图示配置IP，配置基础的OSPF　

　　R1：

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.12.1 24
Feb 13 2022 10:28:27-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.14.1 24
Feb 13 2022 10:28:39-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R1]ospf router-id 0.0.0.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 1 area 0

　　　R2:

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.12.2 24
Feb 13 2022 10:32:44-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.23.2 24
Feb 13 2022 10:32:55-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf router-id 0.0.0.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 1 area 0

　　　R3:

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.23.3 24
Feb 13 2022 10:38:42-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf router-id 0.0.0.3
Feb 13 2022 10:38:42-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf router-id 0.0.0.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 1 area 0

　　　R4:

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.14.4 24
Feb 13 2022 10:40:58-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. inter
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]face g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.34.4 24
Feb 13 2022 10:40:58-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf router-id 0.0.0.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 1 area 0

当出现：

Feb 12 2022 17:01:54-08:00 Core-2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=1, NeighborAddress=10.1.10.252, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)

解析：邻居事件：邻居状态改变，进程1，邻居地址10.1.10.252,邻居事件是收到hello消息，邻居状态之前是down，现在是init。

查看邻居表：

[R1]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             0.0.0.2          Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.3
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             0.0.0.2          Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

三，实验内容

　　　根本原因源自于报文（字段）

（1）相邻设备的RID冲突

　　①改变R1的RID为0.0.0.2

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.2
Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to validate the new router ID.
[R1-ospf-1]qu                      
[R1]qu                      
<R1>
<R1>reset ospf process
Warning: The OSPF process will be reset. Continue? [Y/N]:Y

　　②此时，R1和R2分别发出RID冲突的通告

<R1>
Feb 13 2022 11:10:59-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/CONFLICT_ROUTERID_INTF(l)[69]:OSPF Router id conflict is detected on interface. (ProcessId=256, RouterId=2.0.0.0, AreaId=0.0.0.0, InterfaceName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0,  IpAddr=1.12.1.10, PacketSrcIp=2.12.1.10) 

<R2>
Feb 13 2022 11:10:59-08:00 R2 %%01OSPF/4/CONFLICT_ROUTERID_INTF(l)[22]:OSPF Router id conflict is detected on interface. (ProcessId=256, RouterId=2.0.0.0, AreaId=0.0.0.0, InterfaceName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0,  IpAddr=2.12.1.10, PacketSrcIp=1.12.1.10)

　　③同时邻居表建立不了邻居

<R1>display ospf peer  brief 

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.2
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

<R2>display ospf peer brief 

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.2
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.3          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　④过了5分钟左右后，华为的路由器因为RID冲突会默认自动调整RID的机制，重新建立邻居关系，发出通告。（但是之前在做的时候有时候，只有一台更换了RID）

<R1>
Feb 13 2022 11:16:07-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/AUTO_CHG_RTRID(l)[79]:OSPF automatically changes the router ID when detecting router ID conflict in the area. (ProcessId=256, NewRouterId=1.14.1.10, OldRouterId=2.0.0.0, ConflictRtrIdNum=16777216)

<R1>display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.23.2        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

<R2>display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.23.2
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.14.1        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.3          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

（2）相邻设备的区域ID不同

　　①更改R1的g0/0/0和G0/0/1接口宣告在area 10

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.2 
 area 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[R1-ospf-1]area 10
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo ospf enable 1 area 0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf enable 1 area 10

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo ospf enable 1 area 0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf enable 1 area 10

　　②邻居关系立即断开，并且无法再建立

[R1]display ospf peer brief 

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

（3）认证类型不匹配（0-不认证，1-明文认证，2-密文认证）

　　暂时无法实验认证

（4）认证数据不匹配（密码不匹配）

　　暂时无法实验认证

（5）广播网络中（比如现在的以太网络），掩码必须相同（点到点网络不关心）

　　①我们先查看AR2和AR3之间的链路类型为广播网络

[R2]display ospf interface

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.23.2
                 Interfaces 

 Area: 0.0.0.0          (MPLS TE not enabled)
 IP Address      Type         State    Cost    Pri   DR              BDR 
 10.1.12.2       Broadcast    DR       1       1     10.1.12.2       10.1.12.1
 10.1.23.2       Broadcast    BDR      1       1     10.1.23.3       10.1.23.2
<R3>display  ospf interface

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.3
                 Interfaces 

 Area: 0.0.0.0          (MPLS TE not enabled)
 IP Address      Type         State    Cost    Pri   DR              BDR 
 10.1.23.3       Broadcast    DR       1       1     10.1.23.3       10.1.23.2
 10.1.34.3       Broadcast    BDR      1       1     10.1.34.4       10.1.34.3

　　②更改R2的G0/0/1接口下地址网段为10.1.23.0/28的10.1.23.2,该网段依然包括10.1.23.2和10.1.23.3

[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display this
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 
 ospf enable 1 area 0.0.0.0
#
return
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.23.2 28

　　③此时，R2与R3的邻居关系状态改变为DOWN，但是可以互相ping通

[R2]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.23.2
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.14.1        Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[R2]ping 10.1.23.3         
  PING 10.1.23.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.1.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=40 ms
    Reply from 10.1.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.1.23.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 ms

  --- 10.1.23.3 ping statistics ---
    3 packet(s) transmitted
    3 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/36/40 ms

　　④改变R2和R3之间链路的接口网络类型为点到点

[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p

　　⑤邻居重新建立

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 11:39:05-08:00 R2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[6]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=3.23.1.10, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full) 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.23.2
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.14.1        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.3          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

（6）比特位（功能位），比如是否可以接收外部路由（设置为stub区域之类）

　　①网络拓扑

　　SW1：

[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]quit  
[SW1]interface g0/0/2 
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface vlanif 10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address  192.168.0.252 24
[SW1]ospf  router-id 0.0.0.5
[SW1-ospf-1]area 10
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]interface vlanif 10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ospf enable 1 area 10

　　SW2：

[SW2]vlan 10
[SW2-vlan10]quit
[SW2]interface g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[SW2]ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.6
[SW2-ospf-1]area 10
[SW2]interface vlanif 10
[SW2-Vlanif10]ip address  192.168.0.253 24
[SW2-Vlanif10]ospf enable 1 area 10

　　②邻居建立后，抓包发现SW1，发送的hello报文中可以接收外部路由功能位置一

[SW2]dis ospf peer  brief 

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.6
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.10         Vlanif10                         0.0.0.5          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　③我们将SW1的OSPF进程area10中配置为stub区域

[SW1]ospf
[SW1-ospf-1]area 10
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]stub

　　④邻居立刻进入DOWN状态，并且抓包发现，源为192.168.0.252的SW1的Hello报文中，接收外部路由的功能位置零

[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.5
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

（7）Hello时间和死亡时间都相同

　　①更改R3的接口G0/0/1接口Hello时间为1s，死亡时间自动变为hello时间的四倍

[R3]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1

　　②同时发现，数据包发送速度变快，然后更改R4的接口G0/0/1Hello时间为1s，邻居重新建立

[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1

[R4]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.4
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.14.1        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.3          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

（8）网络类型有参数影响邻居关系建立（严格意义上来讲网络类型不影响邻居关系，只要Hello时间相同即可）

网络类型	Hello时间	死亡时间	是否需要DR
广播	10	40	是
点到点	10	40	否
NBMA	30	120	是
P2MP	30	120	否

　　　①更改R4的g0/0/0接口为P2MP，R1的G0/0/1接口为P2P

[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

　　②R1和R4邻居关系DOWN，更改R4的G0/0/0接口的hello时间与P2P一致

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.23.2        Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10

　　③邻居重新建立，但网络类型不同

<R1>display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.23.2        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<R1>display ospf interface

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                 Interfaces 

 Area: 0.0.0.0          (MPLS TE not enabled)
 IP Address      Type         State    Cost    Pri   DR              BDR 
 10.1.12.1       Broadcast    BDR      1       1     10.1.12.2       10.1.12.1
 10.1.14.1       P2P          P-2-P    1       1     0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ospf interface

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.4
                 Interfaces 

 Area: 0.0.0.0          (MPLS TE not enabled)
 IP Address      Type         State    Cost    Pri   DR              BDR 
 10.1.14.4       P2MP         P-2-P    1       1     0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0
 10.1.34.4       Broadcast    DR       1       1     10.1.34.4       10.1.34.3

　　④我们再把R1的接口网络类型更换为广播型

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type broadcast

　　⑤邻居短暂的断开，又重新建立

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type broadcast
Feb 13 2022 12:35:02-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_CHG_DOWN(l)[0]:Neighbor event:neighbor state changed to Down. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.0.0.0, NeighborEvent=KillNbr, NeighborPreviousState=Full, NeighborCurrentState=Down) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:02-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_DOWN_REASON(l)[1]:Neighbor state leaves full or changed to Down. (ProcessId=256, NeighborRouterId=4.0.0.0, NeighborAreaId=0, NeighborInterface=GigabitEthernet0/0/1,NeighborDownImmediate reason=Neighbor Down Due to Kill Neighbor, NeighborDownPrimeReason=Interface Parameter Mismatch, NeighborChangeTime=2022-02-13 12:35:02-08:00) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:08-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:08-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:38-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:38-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:38-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[6]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loading) 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Feb 13 2022 12:35:38-08:00 R1 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[7]:Neighbor changes event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=4.14.1.10, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display ospf peer brief

         OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 10.1.14.1
                  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.1.23.2        Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             0.0.0.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

posted @ 2022-02-13 13:01 L_F_A_L 阅读(630) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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[HCIP] OSPF作业1：影响邻居关系建立的原因

二，按图示配置IP，配置基础的OSPF

三，实验内容

（1）相邻设备的RID冲突

（2）相邻设备的区域ID不同

（3）认证类型不匹配（0-不认证，1-明文认证，2-密文认证）

（4）认证数据不匹配（密码不匹配）

（5）广播网络中（比如现在的以太网络），掩码必须相同（点到点网络不关心）

（6）比特位（功能位），比如是否可以接收外部路由（设置为stub区域之类）

①网络拓扑

（7）Hello时间和死亡时间都相同

（8）网络类型有参数影响邻居关系建立（严格意义上来讲网络类型不影响邻居关系，只要Hello时间相同即可）

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