Java8中的Stream

java8也出来好久了,接口默认方法,lambda表达式,函数式接口,Date API等特性还是有必要去了解一下。比如在项目中经常用到集合,遍历集合可以试下lambda表达式,经常还要对集合进行过滤和排序,Stream就派上用场了。

Stream作为java8的新特性,基于lambda表达式,是对集合对象功能的增强,它专注于对集合对象进行各种搞笑,便利的聚合操作或者大批量的数据操作,提高了编程效率和代码可读性。

Stream的原理:将要处理的元素看作一种流,留在管道中传输,并且可以在管道的节点上处理,包括过滤筛选、去重、排序、聚合等。元素流在管道中经过中间操作的处理,最后由最终操作得到前面处理的结果。

集合有两种方式生成流:

  • stream() - 为集合创建串行流
  • parallelStream() - 为集合创建并行流

上图中是Stream类的类结构图,里面包含了大部分的中间和终止操作。

中间操作主要有以下方法(此类型方法返回的都是Stream):map (mapToInt, flatMap 等)、 filter、 distinct、 sorted、 peek、 limit、 skip、 parallel、 sequential、 unordered

终止操作主要有以下方法:forEach、 forEachOrdered、 toArray、 reduce、 collect、 min、 max、 count、 anyMatch、 allMatch、 noneMatch、 findFirst、 findAny、 iterator

举例说明

首先为了说明Stream对对象集合的操作,新建一个Student类(学生类),覆写了equals()和hashCode()方法

public class Student {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String address;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object object) {
        if (this == object) return true;
        if (object == null || getClass() != object.getClass()) return false;
        Student student = (Student) object;
        return age == student.age &&
                Objects.equals(id, student.id) &&
                Objects.equals(name, student.name) &&
                Objects.equals(address, student.address);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {

        return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address);
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

filter(筛选)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
        Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
        Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1);
        students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3);
        students.add(s4);

        List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
        streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println);
    }

    /**
     * 集合筛选
     * @param students
     * @return
     */
    private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) {
        return students.stream().filter(s -> "浙江".equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

map(转换)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
        Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
        Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1);
        students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3);
        students.add(s4);

        List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students);
        testMap(students);
    }

    /**
     * 集合转换
     * @param students
     */
    private static void testMap(List<Student> students) {
        // 在地址前面加上部分信息,只获取地址输出
        List<String> address = students.stream().map(s -> "住址:" + s.getAddress()).collect(Collectors.toList());
        address.forEach(a -> System.out.println(a));
    }

distinct(去重)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        testDistinct1();
    }

    /**
     * 集合去重(基本类型)
     */
    private static void testDistinct1() {
        // 简单字符串的去重
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("111", "222", "333", "111", "222");
        list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
    }
public static void main(String [] args) {
      testDistinct2();
    }

    /**
     * 集合去重(引用对象)
     */
    private static void testDistinct2() {
        //引用对象的去重,引用对象要实现hashCode和equal方法,否则去重无效
        Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
        Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
        Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
        Student s5 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1);
        students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3);
        students.add(s4);
        students.add(s5);
        students.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);
    }

运行结果:

Student{id=1, name='肖战', age=15, address='浙江'}
Student{id=2, name='王一博', age=15, address='湖北'}
Student{id=3, name='杨紫', age=17, address='北京'}
Student{id=4, name='李现', age=17, address='浙江'}

可以看出,两个重复的“肖战”同学进行了去重,这不仅因为使用了distinct()方法,而且因为Student对象重写了equals和hashCode()方法,否则去重是无效的

sorted(排序)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        testSort();
    }

    /**
     * 集合排序(指定排序规则)
     */
    private static void testSort() {
        Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
        Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
        Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1);
        students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3);
        students.add(s4);
        students.stream()
                .sorted((stu1, stu2) -> Long.compare(stu2.getId(), stu1.getId()))
                .sorted((stu1, stu2) -> Integer.compare(stu2.getAge(), stu1.getAge()))
                .forEach(System.out::println);
    }

limit(限制返回个数)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        testLimit();
    }

    /**
     * 集合limit,返回前几个元素
     */
    private static void testLimit() {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333", "222", "111");
        list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);
    }

skip(删除元素)

public static void main(String[] args) {
        testSkip();
    }

    /**
     * 集合skip,删除前n个元素
     */
    private static void testSkip() {
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("333", "222", "111");
        list.stream().skip(2).forEach(System.out::println);
    }

reduce(聚合)

public static void main(String[] args) {
    testReduce();
}

/**
 * 集合reduce,将集合中每个元素整合成一条数据
 */
private static void testReduce() {
    List<String> list = Arrays.asList("欢", "迎", "你");
    String appendStr = list.stream().reduce("北京", (a, b) -> a + b);
    System.out.println(appendStr);
}

anyMatch/allMatch/noneMatch(匹配

public static void main(String[] args) {
        testMatch();
    }

    /**
     * anyMatch:Stream 中任意一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
       allMatch:Stream 中全部元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
       noneMatch:Stream 中没有一个元素符合传入的 predicate,返回 true
     */
    private static void testMatch() {
        Student s1 = new Student(1L, "肖战", 15, "浙江");
        Student s2 = new Student(2L, "王一博", 15, "湖北");
        Student s3 = new Student(3L, "杨紫", 17, "北京");
        Student s4 = new Student(4L, "李现", 17, "浙江");
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(s1);
        students.add(s2);
        students.add(s3);
        students.add(s4);
        boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s -> "湖北".equals(s.getAddress()));
        if (anyMatch) {
            System.out.println("有湖北人");
        }
        boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge() >= 15);
        if (allMatch) {
            System.out.println("所有学生都满15周岁");
        }
        boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> "杨洋".equals(s.getName()));
        if (noneMatch) {
            System.out.println("没有叫杨洋的同学");
        }
    }

上面介绍了Stream常用的一些方法,虽然对集合的遍历和操作可以用以前常规的方式,但是当业务逻辑复杂的时候,你会发现代码量很多,可读性很差,明明一行代码解决的事情,你却写了好几行。试试lambda表达式,试试Stream,你会有不一样的体验。

posted @ 2020-02-14 12:18  murphy_gb  阅读(377)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报