sklearn学习笔记之开始
简介
自2007年发布以来,scikit-learn已经成为Python重要的机器学习库了。scikit-learn简称sklearn,支持包括分类、回归、降维和聚类四大机器学习算法。还包含了特征提取、数据处理和模型评估三大模块。
sklearn是Scipy的扩展,建立在NumPy和matplotlib库的基础上。利用这几大模块的优势,可以大大提高机器学习的效率。
sklearn拥有着完善的文档,上手容易,具有着丰富的API,在学术界颇受欢迎。sklearn已经封装了大量的机器学习算法,包括LIBSVM和LIBINEAR。同时sklearn内置了大量数据集,节省了获取和整理数据集的时间。
- 机器学习基础
定义:针对经验E和一系列的任务T和一定表现的衡量P,如果随着经验E的积累,针对定义好的任务T可以提高表现P,就说明机器具有学习能力。
- sklearn安装
sklearn目前的版本是0.17.1,可以使用pip安装。在安装时需要进行包依赖检查,具体有以下几个要求:
- Python(>=2.6 or >=3.3)
- NumPy(>=1.6.1)
- SciPy(>=0.9)
如果满足上述条件,就能使用pip进行安装了:
1 pip install -U scikit-learn
SaintKings-Mac-mini:nlp saintking$ pip install -U scikit-learn Collecting scikit-learn Using cached scikit_learn-0.19.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl Installing collected packages: scikit-learn Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run prefix=options.prefix_path, File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install **kwargs File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix) File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files isolated=self.isolated, File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files clobber(source, lib_dir, True) File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber ensure_dir(destdir) File "/Users/saintking/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir os.makedirs(path) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs mkdir(name, mode) OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scikit_learn-0.19.1.dist-info'
安装方法:真机测试正常
SaintKings-Mac-mini:nlp saintking$ sudo pip install -U scikit-learn
现在采用安装Anaconda的方法.
当然,使用pip安装会比较麻烦,推荐使用Anaconda科学计算环境,里面已经内置了NumPy、SciPy、sklearn等模块,直接可用。或者使用conda进行包管理。conda安装与pip类似:
1 conda install scikit-learn
安装完sklearn以后,可以检查以下版本:
1 >>> import sklearn 2 >>> sklearn.__version__ 3 '0.17.1'
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