WPF 因设置不期望的DataContext,导致的绑定异常
在MainWindow中,创建一个背景属性BrushTest,并将其绑定至界面上UserControl的BackgroundTest属性
1 <Window x:Class="WpfApp8.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800" x:Name="TheMainWindow"> 9 <Grid> 10 <local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/> 11 </Grid> 12 </Window>
1 public partial class MainWindow : Window 2 { 3 public MainWindow() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 BrushTest = Brushes.Red; 7 this.DataContext = this; 8 } 10 public static readonly DependencyProperty BrushTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( 11 "BrushTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(MainWindow), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush))); 13 public SolidColorBrush BrushTest 14 { 15 get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BrushTestProperty); } 16 set { SetValue(BrushTestProperty, value); } 17 } 18 }
UserControl,同样添加一个BackgroundTest属性,并将其绑定至界面。
1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Grid Background="{Binding BackgroundTest}"> 10 </Grid> 11 </UserControl>
1 public partial class UserControl1 : UserControl 2 { 3 public UserControl1() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 this.DataContext = this; 7 } 8 public static readonly DependencyProperty BackgroundTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( 9 "BackgroundTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(UserControl1), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush))); 10 public SolidColorBrush BackgroundTest 11 { 12 get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BackgroundTestProperty); } 13 set { SetValue(BackgroundTestProperty, value); } 14 } 15 }
运行后,控制台输出绑定异常,背景设置并没有生效。
System.Windows.Data Error: 40 : BindingExpression path error: 'BrushTest' property not found on 'object' ''UserControl1' (Name='')'.
BindingExpression:Path=BrushTest; DataItem='UserControl1' (Name=''); target element is 'UserControl1' (Name=''); target property is 'BackgroundTest' (type 'SolidColorBrush')
为何错了?
因为UserControl设置了俩次DataContext,UserControl1内部设置的上下文覆盖了主窗口设置的上下文。
窗口内<local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/>绑定的值BrushTest,在UserControl下的上下文无法找到相关值,所以报错了
此类绑定异常,一不小心还是很容易出现的。
在窗口设置了DataContext时(自身或者ViewModel),子控件也设置DataContext。有趣的是,在Xaml编辑时,使用Reshaper链接到的是窗口所在的上下文属性。
所以,子控件设置DataContext时,需要关注下是否有属性被引用绑定外界数据。
建议子控件减少DataContext的使用,以上可以通过指定数据源进行绑定。比如:
1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" x:Name="TheUserControl"> 9 <Grid Background="{Binding ElementName=TheUserControl,Path=BackgroundTest}"> 10 </Grid> 11 </UserControl>