Oracle安装、Navicat for Oracle、JDBCl连接、获取表结构
Oracle安装
Navicat for Oracle配置
Oracle JDBC连接(增删改查)
Oracle安装
环境windows 7 64位
安装版本:oracle 11g(64位)
下载地址
- 点击oracle安装文件,根据其默认的模式进行安装。
- Oracle--windows环境
这个环境配置与java的环境配置类似,计算机右击-》高级系统设置-》高级-》环境变量-》在系统变量中新建:
(1) 配置ORACLE_HOME,
变量名 ORACLE_HOME
变量值 E:\Oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1
说明:这里的变量值是你自己安装的Oracle数据库的安装路径,路径中你会找到project然后依次找到dbhome_1,然后将路径复制到环境变量值中。
(2)配置TNS_ADMIN
变量名 TNS_ADMIN
变量值 E:\Oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
说明:这里配置的是Oracle的监听,监听配置不正确会出问题的。
(3)配置 NLS_LAN。
变量名 NLS_LANG。
变量值 SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
说明:建议大家直接复制上面的变量值。这里的意思就是统一编码格式。(GBK)
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e73e26c0c20f1a24adb6a73e.html
3. 监听配置
(1)右击“计算机”,打开“管理”,点开左边菜单“服务与进程”下的“服务”,手动启动“OracleOraDb11g_home1TNSListener”
(2)点击net manager,在本地》监听程序》LISTENER,添加监听机器的ip地址
(3)在窗口右栏下拉选项中的“数据库服务”,点击添加数据库按钮,添加全局数据库名和SID
http://www.cnblogs.com/kane1990/p/OracleNetManager.html
4.数据库创建,按默认配置,定义数据库的全局变量
http://www.it165.net/database/html/201306/3974.html
- SQL Developer配置
启动SQL Developer可能会出现:
原因:oracle 11g中安装的Oracle SQL Developer是32位的,而我们现在给他指定的java.exe却是64位的,所以会出现这种错误。
解决方法:oracle11g自带sqldeveloper是32位的,可以再官网下载64位的sqldeveloper替换掉dbhome_1下的sqldeveloper文件夹。
- 登陆及命令
(1)本地登陆:
C:\users\administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba //以sysdba的权限登录
C:\users\administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba //以sysdba的权限登录
SQL>conn user_name/password; //连接用户
SQL>show user; //显示当前用户
SQL>startup force; //启动
SQL>shutdown immediate; //关闭
SQL> grant dba to scott; //将sysdba权限授予scott用户
SQL> revoke dba from scott; //收回scott权限
SQL> create user 用户名 identified by "密码"; //创建用户
(2)远程登陆:通过端口登陆
sqlplus user/password@ip:port/service_name
开启监听器:计算机——管理——服务——oracle*Listener
程序——Oracle——Net Manager
(3)登录数据库并创建用户
C:\users\administrator>sqlplus / as sysdba //以sysdba的权限登录
>conn sys@orcl as sysdba (不用口令)
>create user kang identified by "123456";
> grant dba to kang; //将sysdba权限授予scott用户
>conn kang/123456;
>sqlplus kang/123456d@192.168.0.110:1521/orcl
Navicat for Oracle配置
Navicat破解版32位
下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/streetmilk/5701651
下载插件:
instantclient-basic-nt-12.1.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-win32-11.2.0.1.0.zip
解压到navicat安装目录,打开navicat
工具——>选项——>OCI
分别为:
D:\Navicat Premium\instantclient_12_1\oci.dll
D:\Navicat Premium\instantclient_12_1\instantclient-sqlplus-win32-11.2.0.1.0\instantclient_11_2\sqlplus.exe
连接oracle:
连接上即可,如果连不上可能是端口和权限的问题。
Oracle JDBC连接
在navicat中测试成功后,再用jdbc连接
通用数据连接:以后碰到mysql、sqlserver、informix都是类似的
sqlplus kang/123456d@192.168.0.110:1521/orcl
其中数据库名称对应service_name:orcl ,数据库主机对应计算机名(可选),IP和port对应IP地址和端口,用户密码必选,SID和service_name一样
获取连接
package com.hidata.generalDBconfig; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; /** * @author 刘兀 * @category 数据库连接 针对数据源的不同,获取相关参数后构造连接。 * */ public class OracleDBConnection { private static Connection conn = null; /*创建数据库连接方法 public synchronized static Connection getConnection() { try { Class.forName(JDriver);//装载数据库驱动类 } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { e.getStackTrace(); } System.out.println("url " + url); System.out.println("user " + user); System.out.println("password " + password); try{ conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("加载数据库引擎失败"); System.exit(0); } //System.out.println("数据库驱动成功"); return conn; } //conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.1:1521:abc", "wu", "123456"); /*创建连接Oracle方法*/ public synchronized static Connection getConnection() { String JDriver = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"; try { Class.forName(JDriver);//装载数据库驱动类 } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { e.getStackTrace(); } String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.101:1521:abc"; String user="wu"; String password="123456"; System.out.println("url " + url); System.out.println("user " + user); System.out.println("password " + password); try{ conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("加载数据库引擎失败"); System.exit(0); } System.out.println("数据库驱动成功"); return conn; } //关闭数据库连接方法 public synchronized static void closeConection(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs) { if (rs != null) { try { rs.close(); rs = null; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (st != null) { try { st.close(); st = null; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null) { try { conn.close(); conn = null; } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String args[]){ OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); } }
SQL操作
package com.util.DBtest; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import com.hidata.generalDBconfig.OracleDBConnection; import com.util.entity.Oracle_Table_Structure; public class JDBC_Test { // 创建静态全局变量 static Connection conn; static Statement st; public static void main(String[] args) { // create(); // insert(); //插入 // update(); //更新 // delete(); //删除 // query(); //查询 String tableName = "Kang"; List<Oracle_Table_Structure> list = queryTableStruct(tableName);//查询表结构 }
/*查询表结构*/ public static List<Oracle_Table_Structure> queryTableStruct(String tableName) { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; List<Oracle_Table_Structure> result = new ArrayList<Oracle_Table_Structure>(); conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); // 首先要获取连接,即连接到数据库 try { String sql = "select * from user_tab_columns where Table_Name='Kang'"; ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); rs = ps.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { Oracle_Table_Structure struct = new Oracle_Table_Structure(); struct.setTable_name(rs.getString("Table_name")); struct.setData_type(rs.getString("Data_type")); struct.setData_length(rs.getString("Data_length")); struct.setColumn_name(rs.getString("Column_name")); struct.setColumn_id(rs.getString("Column_id")); struct.setChar_length(rs.getString("Char_length")); System.out.println(struct.getTable_name()+" " + struct.getColumn_name() + " " + struct.getData_type() + " "+ struct.getData_length()); result.add(struct); } OracleDBConnection.closeConection(conn, ps, rs); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("查询数据失败"); } return result; } /* 创建表*/ public static void create() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); String sql = "create table kangtest(id number(9) not null primary key,name varchar2(40) not null)"; // 插入数据的sql语句 try { st = (Statement) conn.createStatement(); st.executeUpdate(sql); conn.close(); st.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("创建表成功"); } /* 插入记录*/ public static void insert() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); int num = 0; try { String sql = "INSERT INTO kangtest(id, name)" + " VALUES (?,?)"; ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); ps.setLong(1, num); ps.setString(2, "wufan"); ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("insert success"); OracleDBConnection.closeConection(conn, ps, rs); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("insert failed" + e.getMessage()); } } /* 更新记录*/ public static void update() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); int num = 0; try { String sql = "update kangtest set name='liuping' where id = '1'"; ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); ps.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("update success"); conn.close(); OracleDBConnection.closeConection(conn, ps, rs); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("update failed" + e.getMessage()); } } /* 查询记录*/ public static void query() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); // 首先要获取连接,即连接到数据库 try { String sql = "select * from staff"; ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); rs = ps.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { int id = rs.getInt("id"); int name = rs.getInt("name"); System.out.println(id + " " + name); } OracleDBConnection.closeConection(conn, ps, rs); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("查询数据失败"); } } /* 删除记录*/ public static void delete() { Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement ps = null; ResultSet rs = null; conn =OracleDBConnection.getConnection(); try { String sql = "delete from staff where name = 'lili'"; st = (Statement) conn.createStatement(); int count = st.executeUpdate(sql); OracleDBConnection.closeConection(conn, ps, rs); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("删除数据失败"); } } }
获取表主键
select * from user_cons_columns where constraint_name=(select constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name ='TEST' and constraint_type ='P'); )